Solution Manual for n9 n9
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esearch A Workbookfo
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Based Practice 3rd Edit
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ion Susan Grove Daish
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,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
EXERCISE
Identifying Levels o n 9 n 9
9
n
fMeasurement: Nominal, O
9n
rdinal, Interval, and Ratio n 9
n9
n 9 n 9
n9
1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provid
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
e a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug catego
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
rieswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of dr
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ugs thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The cur
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
rent therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
no drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a ration
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ale foryour answer.
n9 n
9 n9
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug
n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n
9 for thissample. n 9 n9
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sa
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
mple?Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement res
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ulted in ratio- n9 n9
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
n9level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove &
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Gray,2017; Knapp, 2017). n9 n9 n9
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a stu
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
dy:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
a. Less than $50,000
n 9 n9 n9
b. $50,000 to 59,999
n 9 n9 n9
c. $60,000 to 69,999
n 9 n9 n9
d. $70,000 to 80,000
n 9 n9 n9
e. $80,000 or greater
n 9 n9 n9
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follo
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
w the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income cat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ego-
ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ended
AG 1-1 n9
,AG 1-2
n9 Answern 9 Guidelinesn 9 forn 9 Questionsn 9 ton 9 Ben 9 Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categ
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
o-
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mar
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
k either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
changedto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be ran
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
k ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9(Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ed their symp-
n9 n9
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depress
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ion symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
et al., 2017).
n9 n9 n9
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
forthe cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
n9 n9 n9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n
9scoresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of da
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ta (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical import
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ance of this result. n9 n9 n9
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of t
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
hesubjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9sub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increas
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
es, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional dist
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, espe
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
cially thosein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
whole percent (%).
n9 n9 n9
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample incl
n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9
uded 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of car
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9
diac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group freque
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9
ncy ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) ×
n 9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9whole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treate
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
d with an antidepressant.
n9 n9 n9
9. What was the purpose of the 6-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6- n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n
state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to deter
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
mine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 9
n
n9could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional stat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
usof cardiac patients.
n9 n9 n9
, Answern 9 Guidelinesn 9 forn 9 Questionsn 9 ton 9 Ben 9 Graded AGn91-3
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurem
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
entfor the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your an
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
swer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9measuredwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walki
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ng, climbing,lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
was a rating scalewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exer
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
cise Confidence scaleand the subscales were considered interval-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study na
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
rrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
n9 n9 n9 n9
Statistics for Nursing R n9 n9 n9
esearch A Workbookfo
n9 n9 9
n
r Evidence-
n9
Based Practice 3rd Edit
n9 n9 n9
ion Susan Grove Daish
n9 n9 n9
a
,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
EXERCISE
Identifying Levels o n 9 n 9
9
n
fMeasurement: Nominal, O
9n
rdinal, Interval, and Ratio n 9
n9
n 9 n 9
n9
1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provid
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
e a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug catego
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
rieswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of dr
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ugs thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The cur
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
rent therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
no drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a ration
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ale foryour answer.
n9 n
9 n9
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug
n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n
9 for thissample. n 9 n9
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sa
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
mple?Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement res
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ulted in ratio- n9 n9
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
n9level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove &
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Gray,2017; Knapp, 2017). n9 n9 n9
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a stu
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
dy:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
a. Less than $50,000
n 9 n9 n9
b. $50,000 to 59,999
n 9 n9 n9
c. $60,000 to 69,999
n 9 n9 n9
d. $70,000 to 80,000
n 9 n9 n9
e. $80,000 or greater
n 9 n9 n9
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follo
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
w the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income cat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ego-
ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ended
AG 1-1 n9
,AG 1-2
n9 Answern 9 Guidelinesn 9 forn 9 Questionsn 9 ton 9 Ben 9 Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categ
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
o-
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mar
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
k either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
changedto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be ran
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
k ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9(Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ed their symp-
n9 n9
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depress
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ion symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
et al., 2017).
n9 n9 n9
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
forthe cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
n9 n9 n9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n
9scoresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of da
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ta (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical import
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ance of this result. n9 n9 n9
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of t
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
hesubjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9sub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increas
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
es, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional dist
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, espe
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
cially thosein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
whole percent (%).
n9 n9 n9
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample incl
n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9
uded 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of car
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9
diac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group freque
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n 9
ncy ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) ×
n 9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 n9 n 9 n 9 n 9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9whole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treate
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
d with an antidepressant.
n9 n9 n9
9. What was the purpose of the 6-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6- n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 9
n
state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to deter
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
mine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 n9n9 9
n
n9could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional stat
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
usof cardiac patients.
n9 n9 n9
, Answern 9 Guidelinesn 9 forn 9 Questionsn 9 ton 9 Ben 9 Graded AGn91-3
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurem
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
entfor the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your an
n
9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
swer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n
9measuredwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walki
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
ng, climbing,lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
was a rating scalewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exer
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
cise Confidence scaleand the subscales were considered interval-
n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9 n9
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study na
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rrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
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