Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: A
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People
who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives
acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: D
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological,
and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners
who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those
who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential and is
experienced within a developmental context is known as:
a. growth and development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness.
ANS: B
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
and is experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without
angina ANS: C
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective experience
of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response characterized by a
mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease
without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Healthy People 2000
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
ANS: C
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a
consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to
create a more global approach to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Self–breast examination education
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,
detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is
considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
trauma ANS: D
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when
ay2defecty2ory2disabilityy2isy2permanenty2andy2irreversible.y2Ity2involvesy2minimizingy2they2effecty2ofy2diseas
ey2andy2disability.y2They2objectivey2ofy2tertiaryy2preventiony2isy2toy2maximizey2remainingy2capacities.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
9. Iny2reviewingy2ay2person‘sy2medicaly2claims,y2ay2nursey2realizesy2thaty2they2individualy2withy2moderatey2per
sistenty2asthmay2hasy2hady2severaly2emergencyy2departmenty2visitsy2andy2isy2noty2ony2inhaledy2steroidsy2as
y2recommendedy2byy2they2NHLBIy2asthmay2managementy2guidelines.y2They2nursey2discussesy2thisy2withy2
they2person‘sy2primaryy2carey2provider.y2Iny2thisy2scenario,y2they2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 B
Carey2managersy2acty2toy2preventy2duplicationy2ofy2servicey2andy2reducey2cost.y2Carey2managersy2basey2
recommendationy 2 ony2reliabley2datay2sourcesy2suchy2asy2evidence-basedy2practicesy2andy2protocols.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
10. Duringy2ay2homey2visit,y2ay2nursey2assistsy2any2individualy2toy2completey2any2applicationy2fory2disabilityy
2services.y2They2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 A
They2advocacyy2roley2ofy2they2nursey2helpsy2individualsy2obtainy2whaty2theyy2arey2entitledy2toy2receivey2
fromy2they2healthy2carey2system,y2triesy2toy2makey2they2systemy2morey2responsivey2toy2individuals‘y2com
munityy2needs,y2andy2assistsy2individualsy2iny2developingy2skillsy2toy2advocatey2fory2themselves.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
11. Duringy2ay2homey2visit,y2ay2nursey2discussesy2they2dangersy2ofy2smokingy2withy2any2individual.y2Iny2thi
sy2scenarioy2they2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 D
Healthy2educationy2isy2ay2primaryy2preventiony2techniquey2availabley2toy2avoidy2majory2causesy2ofy2dise
ase.y2Teachingy2cany2rangey2fromy2ay2chancey2remarky2toy2ay2plannedy2lesson.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
12. Ay2nursey2isy2askedy2toy2providey2any2experty2opiniony2abouty2they2developmenty2ofy2any2edu
cationy2programy2fory2newlyy2diagnosedy2diabetics.y2Iny2thisy2scenario,y2they2nursey2isy2actin
gy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:y2 C
Nursesy2withy2ay2specializedy2areay2ofy2expertisey2providey2educationy2abouty2healthy2promotiony2andy2disease
y2preventiony2toy2individualsy2andy2groupsy2asy2consultants.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
13. Ay2nursey2isy2planningy2toy2delivery2any2educationaly2programy2toy2individualsy2withy2diabet
es.y2Whichy2ofy2they2followingy2shouldy2bey2they2initialy2actiony2takeny2byy2they2nursey2toy
2ensurey2they2successy2ofy2they2program?
a. Assessy2they2motivationy2levely2ofy2they2individuals
b. Assessy2they2knowledgey2levely2ofy2they2individuals
c. Establishy2teacher-learnery2goalsy2withy2they2individuals
d. Establishy2multipley2teachingy2sessionsy2withy2they2individuals
ANS:y2 B
Selectiony2ofy2they2methodsy2mosty2likelyy2toy2succeedy2involvesy2they2establishmenty2ofy2teacher-
learnery2goals.y2Thus,y2they2firsty2stepy2byy2they2nursey2shouldy2bey2establishmenty2ofy2goals.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Analyzey2(Analysis) REF: p.y216
14. They2conscientious,y2explicit,y2andy2judiciousy2usey2ofy2currenty2besty2evidencey2iny2makingy2decision
sy2abouty2they2carey2ofy2individualsy2isy2knowny2as:
a. health-relatedy2qualityy2ofy2life.
b. evidence-basedy2 practice.
c. ay2Healthyy2Peopley22010y2goal.
d. they2ecologicaly2modely2ofy2health.
ANS:y2 B
Evidence-
basedy2practicey2isy2definedy2asy2they2conscientious,y2explicit,y2andy2judiciousy2usey2ofy2currenty2besty2evidenc
ey2iny2makingy2decisionsy2abouty2they2carey2ofy2individuals.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Remembery2(Knowledge) REF: p.y216
15. Whichy2researchy2methodologyy2shouldy2bey2usedy2toy2addressy2they2question,y2―Whaty2isy2they2dif
ferencey2iny2they2infectiony2ratesy2betweeny2individualsy2whoy2receivey2twice-a-
dayy2dressingy2changesy2versusy2once-a-dayy2dressingy2changes?‖
a. Evidence-basedy2practicey2research
b. Qualitativey2research
c. Quantitativey2 research
d. Clinicaly2judgmenty2research
ANS:y2 C
Quantitativey2researchy2studiesy2describey2situations,y2correlatey2differenty2variablesy2relatedy2toy2care,y2or
y2testy2causaly2relationshipsy2amongy2variablesy2relatedy2toy2care.y2Evidence-
basedy2practicey2researchy2andy2clinicaly2judgmenty2researchy2arey2noty2researchy2methodologies;y2theyy2ar
ey2usedy2toy2answery2clinicaly2questions.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
16. They2question,y2―Whaty2isy2they2experiencey2ofy2teenagersy2whoy2losey2ay2siblingy2toy2cancer?‖y2cany2
besty2bey2answeredy2byy2usingy2whichy2researchy2methodology?
a. Evidence-basedy2practicey2research
b. Qualitativey2research
c. Quantitativey2 research
d. Clinicaly2judgmenty2resear
chy2ANS:y2B
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: A
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People
who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives
acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: D
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological,
and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners
who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those
who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential and is
experienced within a developmental context is known as:
a. growth and development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness.
ANS: B
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
and is experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without
angina ANS: C
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective experience
of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response characterized by a
mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease
without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Healthy People 2000
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
ANS: C
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a
consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to
create a more global approach to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Self–breast examination education
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,
detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is
considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
trauma ANS: D
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when
ay2defecty2ory2disabilityy2isy2permanenty2andy2irreversible.y2Ity2involvesy2minimizingy2they2effecty2ofy2diseas
ey2andy2disability.y2They2objectivey2ofy2tertiaryy2preventiony2isy2toy2maximizey2remainingy2capacities.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
9. Iny2reviewingy2ay2person‘sy2medicaly2claims,y2ay2nursey2realizesy2thaty2they2individualy2withy2moderatey2per
sistenty2asthmay2hasy2hady2severaly2emergencyy2departmenty2visitsy2andy2isy2noty2ony2inhaledy2steroidsy2as
y2recommendedy2byy2they2NHLBIy2asthmay2managementy2guidelines.y2They2nursey2discussesy2thisy2withy2
they2person‘sy2primaryy2carey2provider.y2Iny2thisy2scenario,y2they2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 B
Carey2managersy2acty2toy2preventy2duplicationy2ofy2servicey2andy2reducey2cost.y2Carey2managersy2basey2
recommendationy 2 ony2reliabley2datay2sourcesy2suchy2asy2evidence-basedy2practicesy2andy2protocols.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
10. Duringy2ay2homey2visit,y2ay2nursey2assistsy2any2individualy2toy2completey2any2applicationy2fory2disabilityy
2services.y2They2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 A
They2advocacyy2roley2ofy2they2nursey2helpsy2individualsy2obtainy2whaty2theyy2arey2entitledy2toy2receivey2
fromy2they2healthy2carey2system,y2triesy2toy2makey2they2systemy2morey2responsivey2toy2individuals‘y2com
munityy2needs,y2andy2assistsy2individualsy2iny2developingy2skillsy2toy2advocatey2fory2themselves.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y215
11. Duringy2ay2homey2visit,y2ay2nursey2discussesy2they2dangersy2ofy2smokingy2withy2any2individual.y2Iny2thi
sy2scenarioy2they2nursey2isy2actingy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:y2 D
Healthy2educationy2isy2ay2primaryy2preventiony2techniquey2availabley2toy2avoidy2majory2causesy2ofy2dise
ase.y2Teachingy2cany2rangey2fromy2ay2chancey2remarky2toy2ay2plannedy2lesson.
DIF:y 2 y 2 Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
12. Ay2nursey2isy2askedy2toy2providey2any2experty2opiniony2abouty2they2developmenty2ofy2any2edu
cationy2programy2fory2newlyy2diagnosedy2diabetics.y2Iny2thisy2scenario,y2they2nursey2isy2actin
gy2asy2a(n):
a. advocate.
b. carey2manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:y2 C
Nursesy2withy2ay2specializedy2areay2ofy2expertisey2providey2educationy2abouty2healthy2promotiony2andy2disease
y2preventiony2toy2individualsy2andy2groupsy2asy2consultants.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
13. Ay2nursey2isy2planningy2toy2delivery2any2educationaly2programy2toy2individualsy2withy2diabet
es.y2Whichy2ofy2they2followingy2shouldy2bey2they2initialy2actiony2takeny2byy2they2nursey2toy
2ensurey2they2successy2ofy2they2program?
a. Assessy2they2motivationy2levely2ofy2they2individuals
b. Assessy2they2knowledgey2levely2ofy2they2individuals
c. Establishy2teacher-learnery2goalsy2withy2they2individuals
d. Establishy2multipley2teachingy2sessionsy2withy2they2individuals
ANS:y2 B
Selectiony2ofy2they2methodsy2mosty2likelyy2toy2succeedy2involvesy2they2establishmenty2ofy2teacher-
learnery2goals.y2Thus,y2they2firsty2stepy2byy2they2nursey2shouldy2bey2establishmenty2ofy2goals.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Analyzey2(Analysis) REF: p.y216
14. They2conscientious,y2explicit,y2andy2judiciousy2usey2ofy2currenty2besty2evidencey2iny2makingy2decision
sy2abouty2they2carey2ofy2individualsy2isy2knowny2as:
a. health-relatedy2qualityy2ofy2life.
b. evidence-basedy2 practice.
c. ay2Healthyy2Peopley22010y2goal.
d. they2ecologicaly2modely2ofy2health.
ANS:y2 B
Evidence-
basedy2practicey2isy2definedy2asy2they2conscientious,y2explicit,y2andy2judiciousy2usey2ofy2currenty2besty2evidenc
ey2iny2makingy2decisionsy2abouty2they2carey2ofy2individuals.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Remembery2(Knowledge) REF: p.y216
15. Whichy2researchy2methodologyy2shouldy2bey2usedy2toy2addressy2they2question,y2―Whaty2isy2they2dif
ferencey2iny2they2infectiony2ratesy2betweeny2individualsy2whoy2receivey2twice-a-
dayy2dressingy2changesy2versusy2once-a-dayy2dressingy2changes?‖
a. Evidence-basedy2practicey2research
b. Qualitativey2research
c. Quantitativey2 research
d. Clinicaly2judgmenty2research
ANS:y2 C
Quantitativey2researchy2studiesy2describey2situations,y2correlatey2differenty2variablesy2relatedy2toy2care,y2or
y2testy2causaly2relationshipsy2amongy2variablesy2relatedy2toy2care.y2Evidence-
basedy2practicey2researchy2andy2clinicaly2judgmenty2researchy2arey2noty2researchy2methodologies;y2theyy2ar
ey2usedy2toy2answery2clinicaly2questions.
DIF: Cognitivey2Level:y2Applyy2(Application) REF: p.y216
16. They2question,y2―Whaty2isy2they2experiencey2ofy2teenagersy2whoy2losey2ay2siblingy2toy2cancer?‖y2cany2
besty2bey2answeredy2byy2usingy2whichy2researchy2methodology?
a. Evidence-basedy2practicey2research
b. Qualitativey2research
c. Quantitativey2 research
d. Clinicaly2judgmenty2resear
chy2ANS:y2B
