SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (EXAM 3)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Echolalia - ANSWER-meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words as a
symptom of psychiatric disorder.
Echopraxia - ANSWER-Mimicry or imitation of the movements of another person.
onset and prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide - ANSWER--Approximately 1 in
100 people
-Often develops in early adulthood
-Schizophrenia usually first appears between the late teens and mid-30's
-Childhood cases of schizophrenia are extremely rare
-More prevalent in lower socioeconomic individuals
downward drift theory - ANSWER-schizophrenia causes its sufferers to fall from a
higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to
function effectively
schizophrenia duration - ANSWER-Duration is chronic after six months
Most suffer with moderate-to-severe lifetime impairment
Life expectancy is slightly less than average (increased risk for suicide or accidents)
schizophrenia male to female ratio - ANSWER-affects males and females about
equally
females tend to have a better long-term prognosis
onset slightly earlier for males
cultural factors of schizophrenia - ANSWER-Psychotic behaviors not always
pathologized
Yet schizophrenia is found at similar rates in all cultures
Course of Schizophrenia - ANSWER-1. Premorbid: Mild motor, cognitive, and social
impairments
2. Promodal: Unusual psychotic-like behaviors
3. Onset/deterioration: positive, negative, cognitive, and mood symptoms
4. Chronic/residual: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms (Some individuals in
this phase may return to prodromal) (3/4 will stay in this phase)
, Schizophrenia family studies - ANSWER-Inherit a tendency for schizophrenia, not
specific forms of schizophrenia
Risk increases with genetic relatedness
schizophrenia twin studies - ANSWER-Monozygotic twins vs. fraternal (dizygotic)
twins
At greater risk if your identical twin has schizophrenia-supports role of genes
If one twin has Schizophrenia... - ANSWER-there is a 48% chance the other twin will
get it as well
(One protective factor is a healthy and supportive environment)
schizophrenia adoption studies - ANSWER-Adoptee risk high if a biological parent
has schizophrenia
Risk is lower than for children raised by their biological parent with schizophrenia
genetic markers for schizophrenia - ANSWER-Linkage and association studies
Endophenotypes
Likely to involve multiple genes
endophenotypes - ANSWER-genetic mechanisms that contribute to the underlying
problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with
psychological disorders
behavioral markers of schizophrenia - ANSWER-Smooth-pursuit eye movement
Schizophrenia patients show reduced ability to track a moving object with their eyes
Relatives of schizophrenic patients also have deficits in this area
The dopamine hypothesis - ANSWER-the theory that schizophrenia results from
excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine
theory based on the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications
BUT: challenged by new antipsychotic drugs that work on serotonin
catatonia - ANSWER-a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment,
usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate
typically characterized by immobility
unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (EXAM 3)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Echolalia - ANSWER-meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words as a
symptom of psychiatric disorder.
Echopraxia - ANSWER-Mimicry or imitation of the movements of another person.
onset and prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide - ANSWER--Approximately 1 in
100 people
-Often develops in early adulthood
-Schizophrenia usually first appears between the late teens and mid-30's
-Childhood cases of schizophrenia are extremely rare
-More prevalent in lower socioeconomic individuals
downward drift theory - ANSWER-schizophrenia causes its sufferers to fall from a
higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to
function effectively
schizophrenia duration - ANSWER-Duration is chronic after six months
Most suffer with moderate-to-severe lifetime impairment
Life expectancy is slightly less than average (increased risk for suicide or accidents)
schizophrenia male to female ratio - ANSWER-affects males and females about
equally
females tend to have a better long-term prognosis
onset slightly earlier for males
cultural factors of schizophrenia - ANSWER-Psychotic behaviors not always
pathologized
Yet schizophrenia is found at similar rates in all cultures
Course of Schizophrenia - ANSWER-1. Premorbid: Mild motor, cognitive, and social
impairments
2. Promodal: Unusual psychotic-like behaviors
3. Onset/deterioration: positive, negative, cognitive, and mood symptoms
4. Chronic/residual: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms (Some individuals in
this phase may return to prodromal) (3/4 will stay in this phase)
, Schizophrenia family studies - ANSWER-Inherit a tendency for schizophrenia, not
specific forms of schizophrenia
Risk increases with genetic relatedness
schizophrenia twin studies - ANSWER-Monozygotic twins vs. fraternal (dizygotic)
twins
At greater risk if your identical twin has schizophrenia-supports role of genes
If one twin has Schizophrenia... - ANSWER-there is a 48% chance the other twin will
get it as well
(One protective factor is a healthy and supportive environment)
schizophrenia adoption studies - ANSWER-Adoptee risk high if a biological parent
has schizophrenia
Risk is lower than for children raised by their biological parent with schizophrenia
genetic markers for schizophrenia - ANSWER-Linkage and association studies
Endophenotypes
Likely to involve multiple genes
endophenotypes - ANSWER-genetic mechanisms that contribute to the underlying
problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with
psychological disorders
behavioral markers of schizophrenia - ANSWER-Smooth-pursuit eye movement
Schizophrenia patients show reduced ability to track a moving object with their eyes
Relatives of schizophrenic patients also have deficits in this area
The dopamine hypothesis - ANSWER-the theory that schizophrenia results from
excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine
theory based on the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications
BUT: challenged by new antipsychotic drugs that work on serotonin
catatonia - ANSWER-a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment,
usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate
typically characterized by immobility
unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms
