Introduction to Psychology (Exam 3) |109
Questions and Answers
Personality - -an individual's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
-What is personality difference concerned with? - -1. prior events that can shape a
person's personality
2. anticipated events that can motivate a person to reveal particular personality
characteristics
-Prior events - -Researchers study genes, brains, and other aspects of biological make-up,
and they also delve into our subconscious and into our circumstances and interpersonal
surrounds
-Anticipated events - -These emphasize the person's own, subjective perspective, and
often seems intimate and personal in its reflection of the person's inner life (hopes, fears,
and aspirations).
-self-report - -a method in which people provide subjective information about their own
thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire or interview
-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - -Well researched, clinical questionnaire,
used to assess personality and psychological problems
-validity scales - -used during MMPI tests to assess how a person feels about being tested
and any tendency to distort answers
-Projective tests - -Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals' personalities by
analysis of their response to a standard stimuli
-Rorschach Inkblot Test - -A projective technique in which the respondents' inner
thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of
unstructured inkblots
-Thematic Apperception Test - -A projective technique in which respondents' underlying
motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world are believed to be revealed
through analysis of the stories they make up ambiguous pictures of people
-Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) - -This is an objective method of measurement
because people can record snippets of actual conversations and analyze that
-Trait - -A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
, -States - -Temporary feelings or behaviors based on a person's situation or motive at the
time
-The Big Five - -traits of the five factor personality model: openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness (O.C.E.A.N)
-Openness to Experience - -High: Imaginative, variety, independent
Low: Down to earth, routine, conforming
-Conscientiousness - -High: Organized, careful, self-disciplined
Low: Disorganized, careless, weak-willed
-Extraversion - -High: Social, fun-loving, affectionate
Low: Retiring, sober, reserved
-Agreeableness - -High: Soft-hearted, trusting, helpful
Low: Ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative
-Neuroticism - -High: Worried, insecure, self-pitying
Low: calm, secure, self-satisfied
-Heritability and Traits - -The more genes you have in common with someone, the more
similar your personalities will be.
-Superego - -This part of an individual relies on the social/moral values of a person. It
balances the id and the super ego. (5/6 years)
-ID - -This part of an individual relies on the pleasure principle where people will commit
acts that allows for immediate gratification. (Birth)
-Ego - -This part of an individual relies on the reality principle where people will commit
acts that allow for practicality. (1/2 years)
-Defense mechanisms - -unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated
by threats from unacceptable impulses
-Denial - -Distorts the cognition of reality and denies the existence of some emotionally
significant part of reality
-Rationalization - -supplying reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings
and behavior to conceal one's underlying motives and feelings
-Projections - -attributing one's own threatening feelings, motives, impulses to another
person or group
Questions and Answers
Personality - -an individual's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
-What is personality difference concerned with? - -1. prior events that can shape a
person's personality
2. anticipated events that can motivate a person to reveal particular personality
characteristics
-Prior events - -Researchers study genes, brains, and other aspects of biological make-up,
and they also delve into our subconscious and into our circumstances and interpersonal
surrounds
-Anticipated events - -These emphasize the person's own, subjective perspective, and
often seems intimate and personal in its reflection of the person's inner life (hopes, fears,
and aspirations).
-self-report - -a method in which people provide subjective information about their own
thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire or interview
-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - -Well researched, clinical questionnaire,
used to assess personality and psychological problems
-validity scales - -used during MMPI tests to assess how a person feels about being tested
and any tendency to distort answers
-Projective tests - -Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals' personalities by
analysis of their response to a standard stimuli
-Rorschach Inkblot Test - -A projective technique in which the respondents' inner
thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of
unstructured inkblots
-Thematic Apperception Test - -A projective technique in which respondents' underlying
motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world are believed to be revealed
through analysis of the stories they make up ambiguous pictures of people
-Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) - -This is an objective method of measurement
because people can record snippets of actual conversations and analyze that
-Trait - -A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
, -States - -Temporary feelings or behaviors based on a person's situation or motive at the
time
-The Big Five - -traits of the five factor personality model: openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness (O.C.E.A.N)
-Openness to Experience - -High: Imaginative, variety, independent
Low: Down to earth, routine, conforming
-Conscientiousness - -High: Organized, careful, self-disciplined
Low: Disorganized, careless, weak-willed
-Extraversion - -High: Social, fun-loving, affectionate
Low: Retiring, sober, reserved
-Agreeableness - -High: Soft-hearted, trusting, helpful
Low: Ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative
-Neuroticism - -High: Worried, insecure, self-pitying
Low: calm, secure, self-satisfied
-Heritability and Traits - -The more genes you have in common with someone, the more
similar your personalities will be.
-Superego - -This part of an individual relies on the social/moral values of a person. It
balances the id and the super ego. (5/6 years)
-ID - -This part of an individual relies on the pleasure principle where people will commit
acts that allows for immediate gratification. (Birth)
-Ego - -This part of an individual relies on the reality principle where people will commit
acts that allow for practicality. (1/2 years)
-Defense mechanisms - -unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated
by threats from unacceptable impulses
-Denial - -Distorts the cognition of reality and denies the existence of some emotionally
significant part of reality
-Rationalization - -supplying reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings
and behavior to conceal one's underlying motives and feelings
-Projections - -attributing one's own threatening feelings, motives, impulses to another
person or group
