,TEST BANK Human Memory 4th Edition by Gabriel Radvansky
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Chapter 1: Overview and History
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1. A relatively permanent record of an experience is the essence of
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) behavioral potential oo
b) learning
c) memory * oo
d) performance
2. Which is not a way that the term “memory” is used by psychologists?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) as a unit of analysis *
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b) as a storage mechanism
oo oo oo
c) as a process oo oo
d) as a record oo oo
3. Memory is oo . oo
a) a storage facility
oo oo
b) the result of experienceoo oo oo
c) a process oo
d) all of the above * oo oo oo oo
4. Which is NOT a way that the term memory is used?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) an item that holds the contents of previous experiences
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) a location where information is kept
oo oo oo oo oo
c) mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, or retrieving information
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) a perfect replication of events *
oo oo oo oo oo
5. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of learning?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) behavior potential oo
b) maturation * oo
c) relative permanence oo
d) experience
6. Learning is oo . oo
a) a relatively permanent change in behavior potential
oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) a process oo
c) the result of experience
oo oo oo
d) all of the above * oo oo oo oo
7. What is a good definition of learning?
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a) a change in the potential to alter behavior as a consequence of experience *
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) putting information in the memory store oo oo oo oo oo
c) retaining contents of experience oo oo oo
d) the mental process used to acquire, store, or retrieve information
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
,8. An engram is to memory as
oo oo . oo oo oo oo
a) a keyboard is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo
b) a mouse is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo
c) a file is to a computer *
oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) a central processing unit is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
9. Why are there so many metaphors for memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) because memory cannot be studied objectively oo oo oo oo oo
b) to demonstrate that all of our memories are different
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
c) because we cannot observe memory directly * oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) because people’s attitudes and opinions change so much over time
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
10. Metaphors for memory (like a recorder or organized storage) are used because
oo oo . oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) the uncomplicated nature of memory makes metaphors easy to find
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) memory must be observed indirectly, so metaphors are useful tools for
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
understanding its complexities *
oo oo oo oo
c) you can exercise your memory like a muscle, so creating new metaphors makes
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
your memory more efficient
oo oo oo oo
d) using language as a mental representation prevents memory loss
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
11. Which metaphor captures the idea that there is an organization to memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) cow’s stomach oo
b) lock and key oo oo
c) video camera oo
d) network * oo
12. Which metaphor captures the idea that information in memory can be forgotten?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) leaky bucket * oo oo
b) computer
c) junk drawer oo
d) library
13. Which metaphor of memory conveys the idea that memories are discrete
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
collections of information?
oo oo oo
a) hidden observer oo
b) computer
c) literacy * oo
d) aviary
14. One contribution of Plato’s philosophy to work on memory was the idea that
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) different impressions vary in quality * oo oo oo oo oo
b) memory is tied exclusively to experience oo oo oo oo oo
c) no man is an island oo oo oo oo
d) memories are stored in a collective subconscious oo oo oo oo oo oo
, 15. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) similarity
b) contiguity
c) contrast
d) idealized abstractions * oo oo
16. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) similarity
b) regularity * oo
c) contrast
d) contiguity
17. Who was the seventeenth-century scientist/philosopher who developed a sophisticated
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
theory of memory but never followed up on it, leaving it to fall into obscurity, further
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
delaying the onset of a scientific study of memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) Isaac Newton oo
b) Robert Hooke * oo oo
c) Charles Darwin oo
d) Benjamin Franklin oo
18. What influence did Darwin have on theories of memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) the idea that memory develops in a person through a selection process
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) the concept that memory is dependent on a complex brain
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
c) the idea that memory has developed over the generations to adapt to the
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
demands of the environment *
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d) none
19. Memory development in a person is guided by his or her DNA.
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) true
b) false
c) partially true* oo
d) true, except for cases of brain damage
oo oo oo oo oo oo
20. An important concept that is heavily used in theories of memory that developed out
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
of the empiricist tradition is
oo oo oo . oo oo oo
a) the association * oo oo
b) adaptation to changes in the environment oo oo oo oo oo
c) the engram oo
d) separation of mind and body oo oo oo oo
21. Empiricists such as Aristotle believed that memory operates as
oo oo . oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) associations between experiences or stimuli * oo oo oo oo oo
b) a bridge between perceptions and rational abstractions (since empirical
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
observations are often distorted)
oo oo oo oo
c) an abstract, perfect realm without need for additional inquiry
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) the rational link between the mind and the body
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
Chapter 1: Overview and History
oo oo oo oo
1. A relatively permanent record of an experience is the essence of
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) behavioral potential oo
b) learning
c) memory * oo
d) performance
2. Which is not a way that the term “memory” is used by psychologists?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) as a unit of analysis *
oo oo oo oo oo
b) as a storage mechanism
oo oo oo
c) as a process oo oo
d) as a record oo oo
3. Memory is oo . oo
a) a storage facility
oo oo
b) the result of experienceoo oo oo
c) a process oo
d) all of the above * oo oo oo oo
4. Which is NOT a way that the term memory is used?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) an item that holds the contents of previous experiences
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) a location where information is kept
oo oo oo oo oo
c) mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, or retrieving information
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) a perfect replication of events *
oo oo oo oo oo
5. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of learning?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) behavior potential oo
b) maturation * oo
c) relative permanence oo
d) experience
6. Learning is oo . oo
a) a relatively permanent change in behavior potential
oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) a process oo
c) the result of experience
oo oo oo
d) all of the above * oo oo oo oo
7. What is a good definition of learning?
oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) a change in the potential to alter behavior as a consequence of experience *
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) putting information in the memory store oo oo oo oo oo
c) retaining contents of experience oo oo oo
d) the mental process used to acquire, store, or retrieve information
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
,8. An engram is to memory as
oo oo . oo oo oo oo
a) a keyboard is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo
b) a mouse is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo
c) a file is to a computer *
oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) a central processing unit is to a computer
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
9. Why are there so many metaphors for memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) because memory cannot be studied objectively oo oo oo oo oo
b) to demonstrate that all of our memories are different
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
c) because we cannot observe memory directly * oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) because people’s attitudes and opinions change so much over time
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
10. Metaphors for memory (like a recorder or organized storage) are used because
oo oo . oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) the uncomplicated nature of memory makes metaphors easy to find
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) memory must be observed indirectly, so metaphors are useful tools for
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
understanding its complexities *
oo oo oo oo
c) you can exercise your memory like a muscle, so creating new metaphors makes
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
your memory more efficient
oo oo oo oo
d) using language as a mental representation prevents memory loss
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
11. Which metaphor captures the idea that there is an organization to memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) cow’s stomach oo
b) lock and key oo oo
c) video camera oo
d) network * oo
12. Which metaphor captures the idea that information in memory can be forgotten?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) leaky bucket * oo oo
b) computer
c) junk drawer oo
d) library
13. Which metaphor of memory conveys the idea that memories are discrete
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
collections of information?
oo oo oo
a) hidden observer oo
b) computer
c) literacy * oo
d) aviary
14. One contribution of Plato’s philosophy to work on memory was the idea that
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) different impressions vary in quality * oo oo oo oo oo
b) memory is tied exclusively to experience oo oo oo oo oo
c) no man is an island oo oo oo oo
d) memories are stored in a collective subconscious oo oo oo oo oo oo
, 15. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) similarity
b) contiguity
c) contrast
d) idealized abstractions * oo oo
16. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo .
a) similarity
b) regularity * oo
c) contrast
d) contiguity
17. Who was the seventeenth-century scientist/philosopher who developed a sophisticated
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
theory of memory but never followed up on it, leaving it to fall into obscurity, further
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
delaying the onset of a scientific study of memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) Isaac Newton oo
b) Robert Hooke * oo oo
c) Charles Darwin oo
d) Benjamin Franklin oo
18. What influence did Darwin have on theories of memory?
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) the idea that memory develops in a person through a selection process
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
b) the concept that memory is dependent on a complex brain
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
c) the idea that memory has developed over the generations to adapt to the
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
demands of the environment *
oo oo oo oo oo
d) none
19. Memory development in a person is guided by his or her DNA.
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) true
b) false
c) partially true* oo
d) true, except for cases of brain damage
oo oo oo oo oo oo
20. An important concept that is heavily used in theories of memory that developed out
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
of the empiricist tradition is
oo oo oo . oo oo oo
a) the association * oo oo
b) adaptation to changes in the environment oo oo oo oo oo
c) the engram oo
d) separation of mind and body oo oo oo oo
21. Empiricists such as Aristotle believed that memory operates as
oo oo . oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
a) associations between experiences or stimuli * oo oo oo oo oo
b) a bridge between perceptions and rational abstractions (since empirical
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
observations are often distorted)
oo oo oo oo
c) an abstract, perfect realm without need for additional inquiry
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
d) the rational link between the mind and the body
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
