UCA Earth Systems Science Final (flatley) QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Moving from the earth's crust towards the earth's core, temperature _____________ and
pressure _______________. - ✔✔increases; increases Large crystal size is associated with
what type of rock? - ✔✔Intrusive igneous Rocks found within the core of a mountain range
formed along a continental-continental convergent plate boundary are likely to be: -
✔✔Metamorphic processes associated with a mid-ocean ridge - ✔✔Mantle convection
Plate divergence Crustal formation When oceanic crust collides with continental crust: -
✔✔the oceanic crust is subducted under the continental crust. Explosive volcanic
eruptions that eject large quantities of pyroclastic materials are associated with what type
of high silica content, highly viscous magma? - ✔✔Felsic Anticlines and Synclines are the
product of what type of tectonic force? - ✔✔Compressional force forms of physical
weathering - ✔✔Frost wedging Pressure release jointing Salt wedging forms of chemical
weathering - ✔✔oxidation, hydrolysis, and acid rain Chemical weathering occurs most
rapidly under what climatic conditions? - ✔✔Wet and warm The deep red color of soils in
the southeast coastal plain of the US and humid tropical climates is the result of what
process? - ✔✔Oxidation important factors contributing to the destruction of the recent
California wildfires: - ✔✔-housing development in LA hills -high temperatures and a lack of
rain -government policy of putting out all fires during the last 100 years -strong, off shore
winds coming from high pressure points in the interior of the continent Why don't desert
biomes experience wildfires? - ✔✔they lack the appropriate amount of fuel needed to
maintain a fire (plants) What type of rock would you expect to find at a location that was a
river delta many millions of years ago? - ✔✔sedimentary Abraision - ✔✔stream erosional
process leading to the rounding of stones transported in stream channels The portion of
the Amazon River that flows across a broad floodplain of easily eroded fine sediment likely
exhibits what channel morphology? - ✔✔meandering The Hawaiin island chain is an
example of what process? - ✔✔hot spot fluvial landforms is associated with lower stream
velocity and deposition of sediment - ✔✔point bar Sedimentary rocks are formed when
_______________ rock is weathered, eroded, transported, deposited, and then lithified
(compacted and hardened) to form sedimentary rock. - ✔✔any rock, whether it's
sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous geomorphology - ✔✔study of landforms and
process that shape them- seeks explanations for shape, origin, spatial distribution, and
development of terrain landforms - ✔✔surface terrain features such as mountains,
valleys, plains, plateaus, canyons, bays, peninsulas, seas relief - ✔✔how much elevation
, range there is within a landscape low relief - ✔✔not much change in elevation - flat
(Mississippi River Delta, Kansas) High relief - ✔✔more change in elevation (Ouachitas,
Rockys, Himalayas) Endogenic Processes - ✔✔internal: originate within Earth, result in an
increase in surface relief (plate collisions, volcanism) Exogenic Processes - ✔✔external:
originate at Earth surface, tend to decrease relief (weathering, mass wasting, erosion)
rising relief - ✔✔endogenic processes outpace exogenic orogeny - ✔✔mountain building
Lithosphere - ✔✔Earth's crust and uppermost mantle (about 70 km) Layers of Earth's Crust
(outer to inner) - ✔✔crust, mantle, outer core, inner core As you move deeper into Earth's
core... - ✔✔pressure increases temperature increases density increases Earth's Crust -
✔✔-exterior of lithosphere -1% of Earth's mass -density consists of oceanic crust and
continental crust minerals - ✔✔-building blocks of rocks -inorganic -naturally occurring,
chemically distinct -atoms arranged in regular pattern forming solid crystals major rocks -
✔✔sedimentary igneous metamorphic igneous rocks - ✔✔molten rock material; cools and
solidifies into extrusive or intrusive rocks magma=below surface lava=at surface extrusive
rock - ✔✔(volcanic), molten lava solidifies at surface intrusive rock - ✔✔(plutonic), molten
magma solidifies below Earth's surface -crystals as cooling time increases - ✔✔crystal
size increases sedimentary rocks - ✔✔-accumulated sediment -unconsolidated material
thats been eroded and deposited, compressed, and cemented metamorphic rocks -
✔✔changed form due to enormous heat and pressure- found along plate collisions like
mountains -harder than parent rock -foliated or non foliated foliated rocks -
✔✔(metamorphic) presence of platy or wavy surfaces non-foliated rocks -
✔✔(metamorphic) absence of platy or wavy surfaces rock cycle - ✔✔-
crystalization(igneous)-->weathering and erosion-->compaction, cementation, chemical
actions(sedimentary)-->metamorphism(metamorphic)-->melting-->magma Alfred
Wegener - ✔✔German scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift Continental
drift - ✔✔idea that continents and other landmasses have shifted -pangea supporting
evidence for continental drift - ✔✔past glaciations, rocks of ancient mountain ranges,
fossil record Plate Tectonics - ✔✔modern theory to explain movement of continents -
lithosphere is fragmented -plates move in units -7 major plates divergent - ✔✔pulling apart
convergent - ✔✔pushing together transform - ✔✔sliding alongside continental - ✔✔lighter,
less dense oceanic - ✔✔heavier, more dense divergent plate boundaries - ✔✔convection
currents in the mantle, mid-ocean ridges, formation of new oceanic crust convergent plate
boundaries - ✔✔Areas where plates move toward each other and collide, causing uplift
continental convergence - ✔✔neither is less dense, thickening of crust -mountain building
(Himalayas) oceanic-continental convergence - ✔✔oceanic crust is forced under by
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Moving from the earth's crust towards the earth's core, temperature _____________ and
pressure _______________. - ✔✔increases; increases Large crystal size is associated with
what type of rock? - ✔✔Intrusive igneous Rocks found within the core of a mountain range
formed along a continental-continental convergent plate boundary are likely to be: -
✔✔Metamorphic processes associated with a mid-ocean ridge - ✔✔Mantle convection
Plate divergence Crustal formation When oceanic crust collides with continental crust: -
✔✔the oceanic crust is subducted under the continental crust. Explosive volcanic
eruptions that eject large quantities of pyroclastic materials are associated with what type
of high silica content, highly viscous magma? - ✔✔Felsic Anticlines and Synclines are the
product of what type of tectonic force? - ✔✔Compressional force forms of physical
weathering - ✔✔Frost wedging Pressure release jointing Salt wedging forms of chemical
weathering - ✔✔oxidation, hydrolysis, and acid rain Chemical weathering occurs most
rapidly under what climatic conditions? - ✔✔Wet and warm The deep red color of soils in
the southeast coastal plain of the US and humid tropical climates is the result of what
process? - ✔✔Oxidation important factors contributing to the destruction of the recent
California wildfires: - ✔✔-housing development in LA hills -high temperatures and a lack of
rain -government policy of putting out all fires during the last 100 years -strong, off shore
winds coming from high pressure points in the interior of the continent Why don't desert
biomes experience wildfires? - ✔✔they lack the appropriate amount of fuel needed to
maintain a fire (plants) What type of rock would you expect to find at a location that was a
river delta many millions of years ago? - ✔✔sedimentary Abraision - ✔✔stream erosional
process leading to the rounding of stones transported in stream channels The portion of
the Amazon River that flows across a broad floodplain of easily eroded fine sediment likely
exhibits what channel morphology? - ✔✔meandering The Hawaiin island chain is an
example of what process? - ✔✔hot spot fluvial landforms is associated with lower stream
velocity and deposition of sediment - ✔✔point bar Sedimentary rocks are formed when
_______________ rock is weathered, eroded, transported, deposited, and then lithified
(compacted and hardened) to form sedimentary rock. - ✔✔any rock, whether it's
sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous geomorphology - ✔✔study of landforms and
process that shape them- seeks explanations for shape, origin, spatial distribution, and
development of terrain landforms - ✔✔surface terrain features such as mountains,
valleys, plains, plateaus, canyons, bays, peninsulas, seas relief - ✔✔how much elevation
, range there is within a landscape low relief - ✔✔not much change in elevation - flat
(Mississippi River Delta, Kansas) High relief - ✔✔more change in elevation (Ouachitas,
Rockys, Himalayas) Endogenic Processes - ✔✔internal: originate within Earth, result in an
increase in surface relief (plate collisions, volcanism) Exogenic Processes - ✔✔external:
originate at Earth surface, tend to decrease relief (weathering, mass wasting, erosion)
rising relief - ✔✔endogenic processes outpace exogenic orogeny - ✔✔mountain building
Lithosphere - ✔✔Earth's crust and uppermost mantle (about 70 km) Layers of Earth's Crust
(outer to inner) - ✔✔crust, mantle, outer core, inner core As you move deeper into Earth's
core... - ✔✔pressure increases temperature increases density increases Earth's Crust -
✔✔-exterior of lithosphere -1% of Earth's mass -density consists of oceanic crust and
continental crust minerals - ✔✔-building blocks of rocks -inorganic -naturally occurring,
chemically distinct -atoms arranged in regular pattern forming solid crystals major rocks -
✔✔sedimentary igneous metamorphic igneous rocks - ✔✔molten rock material; cools and
solidifies into extrusive or intrusive rocks magma=below surface lava=at surface extrusive
rock - ✔✔(volcanic), molten lava solidifies at surface intrusive rock - ✔✔(plutonic), molten
magma solidifies below Earth's surface -crystals as cooling time increases - ✔✔crystal
size increases sedimentary rocks - ✔✔-accumulated sediment -unconsolidated material
thats been eroded and deposited, compressed, and cemented metamorphic rocks -
✔✔changed form due to enormous heat and pressure- found along plate collisions like
mountains -harder than parent rock -foliated or non foliated foliated rocks -
✔✔(metamorphic) presence of platy or wavy surfaces non-foliated rocks -
✔✔(metamorphic) absence of platy or wavy surfaces rock cycle - ✔✔-
crystalization(igneous)-->weathering and erosion-->compaction, cementation, chemical
actions(sedimentary)-->metamorphism(metamorphic)-->melting-->magma Alfred
Wegener - ✔✔German scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift Continental
drift - ✔✔idea that continents and other landmasses have shifted -pangea supporting
evidence for continental drift - ✔✔past glaciations, rocks of ancient mountain ranges,
fossil record Plate Tectonics - ✔✔modern theory to explain movement of continents -
lithosphere is fragmented -plates move in units -7 major plates divergent - ✔✔pulling apart
convergent - ✔✔pushing together transform - ✔✔sliding alongside continental - ✔✔lighter,
less dense oceanic - ✔✔heavier, more dense divergent plate boundaries - ✔✔convection
currents in the mantle, mid-ocean ridges, formation of new oceanic crust convergent plate
boundaries - ✔✔Areas where plates move toward each other and collide, causing uplift
continental convergence - ✔✔neither is less dense, thickening of crust -mountain building
(Himalayas) oceanic-continental convergence - ✔✔oceanic crust is forced under by
