PCOL 838 RENAL DISEASE EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PCOL 838 RENAL DISEASE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS



Components of the urinary system


kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra

(prostate if male)


kidneys


-produce urine

-2 bean shaped organs located in middle back below rib cage

-divided into outer cortex and inner medulla


medulla contains


renal pyramids and renal columns


excretory duct system


-transports urine

-include ureter, renal pelvis, major calyces, and minor calyces


ureter


delivers urine into bladder

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, renal pelvis


expanded upper portion of the ureter


major calyx


subdivisions of renal pelvis


minor calyx


subdivisions of major calyces, into which renal papillae (renal pyramids) discharge


bladder


-stores urine

-discharges urine into urethra

-anatomic configuration of bladder and ureters prevents reflux of urine into ureters


urethra


conveys urine from the bladder for excretion


function #1 of the kidney


excrete waste products of food metabolism

-CO2 and H2O from carb and fat metabolism

-urea and other acids from protein metabolism

urea can only be excreted by the kidneys


function #2 of the kidney



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