WGU D386 - HW & OS ESSENTIALS STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
1.System calls: Provides an interface to the services available through th
OS.
2.Windows process control calls: CreateProcess(), ExitProcess(),
WaitForSin- gleObject()
3.UNIX process control calls: fork(), exit(), wait()
4.Windows file management calls: CreateFile(), ReadFile(), WriteFile(),
Close- Handle()
5.UNIX file management calls: open(), read(), write(), close()
6.Windows device management calls: SetConsoleMode(),
ReadConsole(), WriteConsole()
7.UNIX device management calls: ioctl(), read(), write()
8.Windows info maintenance calls: GetCurrentProcessID(), SetTimer(),
Sleep()
9.UNIX info maintenance calls: getpid(), alarm(), sleep()
10.Windows communications calls: CreatePipe(),
CreateFileMapping(), MapViewOfFile()
11.UNIX communications calls: pipe(), shm_open(), mmap()
12.Windows protection calls: SetFileSecurity(),
InitializeSecurityDescriptor(), SetSecurityDescriptorGroup()
13.UNIX protection calls: chmod(), unmask(), chown()
14.Full-duplex channel: Data can be transmitted in both directions
(send and receive) at the same time. Common in Ethernet,
telephone systems, etc.
15.Half-duplex channel: Data can be transmitted in both directions, but
not at the same time. Used in older walker-talkies or radio systems.
16.Multiplexing: A technique used to share a single resource, such as a
commu- nication channel or a physical transmission medium, among
multiple data streams or signals.
17.Demultiplexing: Separates and directs individual signals or data
streams to their respective destinations.
18.Cooperative multitasking: Method that depends on application itself to
be re- sponsible for using the processor and then freeing it for access by
other applications.
19.Preemptive multitasking: Method where OS allots each application a
certain amount of processor time and then forcibly takes back control
and gives another application or task access to the processor.
20.Multithreading: Ability of a single application to have multiple
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, requests in to the processor at one time. Faster app performance.
21.x86: Intel 32-bit processors
22.x64: AMD 64-bit processors
23.ARM: Advanced RISC Machine processor
24.RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computing; commonly found on
tablet and phone processors.
25.RAM limit on a 32-bit OS: 4 GB
26.OS Life Cycle: 1. Alpha
2.Beta
3.Release
4.Current
5.Service pack
6.Mainstream support
7.Extended support
27.Optical disc installation: Good for installing an application on one
machine; slower method.
28.ISO Mountable installation: Download media from vendor and install
as if you had a virtual optical drive.
29.USB Drive installation: Faster and bigger; good for installing
applications on a handful of machines; can be overwritten or lost.
30.Network installation: Application is uploaded to a file share by admin
and set to read-only access for users performing installation; good
choice for installing applications across numerous machines.
31.Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager (MECM): Automated
installation product used to deploy applications to multiple PCs with a
push installation.
32.Group policy installation: Pull-based application installation method,
where the client will pull the application from the network share.
33.In-place upgrade: When you upgrade the current OS to the desired
version.
34.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Home edition: 128 GB
35.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Pro edition: 2 TB
36.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Pro for Workstations edition: 6 TB
37.Thin client: Diskless workstation that relies completely on its network
for its data and program storage and access.
38.Application Programming Interface (API): Specifies a set of functions
that are available to an application programmer, including parameters
that are passed to each function and the return values the programmer
can expect.
39.Three common APIs: Windows API, POSIX API (UNIX, Linux, and
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SOLUTION!!
1.System calls: Provides an interface to the services available through th
OS.
2.Windows process control calls: CreateProcess(), ExitProcess(),
WaitForSin- gleObject()
3.UNIX process control calls: fork(), exit(), wait()
4.Windows file management calls: CreateFile(), ReadFile(), WriteFile(),
Close- Handle()
5.UNIX file management calls: open(), read(), write(), close()
6.Windows device management calls: SetConsoleMode(),
ReadConsole(), WriteConsole()
7.UNIX device management calls: ioctl(), read(), write()
8.Windows info maintenance calls: GetCurrentProcessID(), SetTimer(),
Sleep()
9.UNIX info maintenance calls: getpid(), alarm(), sleep()
10.Windows communications calls: CreatePipe(),
CreateFileMapping(), MapViewOfFile()
11.UNIX communications calls: pipe(), shm_open(), mmap()
12.Windows protection calls: SetFileSecurity(),
InitializeSecurityDescriptor(), SetSecurityDescriptorGroup()
13.UNIX protection calls: chmod(), unmask(), chown()
14.Full-duplex channel: Data can be transmitted in both directions
(send and receive) at the same time. Common in Ethernet,
telephone systems, etc.
15.Half-duplex channel: Data can be transmitted in both directions, but
not at the same time. Used in older walker-talkies or radio systems.
16.Multiplexing: A technique used to share a single resource, such as a
commu- nication channel or a physical transmission medium, among
multiple data streams or signals.
17.Demultiplexing: Separates and directs individual signals or data
streams to their respective destinations.
18.Cooperative multitasking: Method that depends on application itself to
be re- sponsible for using the processor and then freeing it for access by
other applications.
19.Preemptive multitasking: Method where OS allots each application a
certain amount of processor time and then forcibly takes back control
and gives another application or task access to the processor.
20.Multithreading: Ability of a single application to have multiple
1/
10
, requests in to the processor at one time. Faster app performance.
21.x86: Intel 32-bit processors
22.x64: AMD 64-bit processors
23.ARM: Advanced RISC Machine processor
24.RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computing; commonly found on
tablet and phone processors.
25.RAM limit on a 32-bit OS: 4 GB
26.OS Life Cycle: 1. Alpha
2.Beta
3.Release
4.Current
5.Service pack
6.Mainstream support
7.Extended support
27.Optical disc installation: Good for installing an application on one
machine; slower method.
28.ISO Mountable installation: Download media from vendor and install
as if you had a virtual optical drive.
29.USB Drive installation: Faster and bigger; good for installing
applications on a handful of machines; can be overwritten or lost.
30.Network installation: Application is uploaded to a file share by admin
and set to read-only access for users performing installation; good
choice for installing applications across numerous machines.
31.Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager (MECM): Automated
installation product used to deploy applications to multiple PCs with a
push installation.
32.Group policy installation: Pull-based application installation method,
where the client will pull the application from the network share.
33.In-place upgrade: When you upgrade the current OS to the desired
version.
34.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Home edition: 128 GB
35.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Pro edition: 2 TB
36.Windows 10/11 Max RAM supported-Pro for Workstations edition: 6 TB
37.Thin client: Diskless workstation that relies completely on its network
for its data and program storage and access.
38.Application Programming Interface (API): Specifies a set of functions
that are available to an application programmer, including parameters
that are passed to each function and the return values the programmer
can expect.
39.Three common APIs: Windows API, POSIX API (UNIX, Linux, and
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