Intro to
Educational
Psychology CLEP
,Token Economy - CORRECT ANSWERS-A form of behavior modification using operant
conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the desired behavior, he is
awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be traded for a physical possession
or special privilege.
Pedagogy - CORRECT ANSWERS-The art of teaching. It encompasses different styles
and methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS-A theory which focuses on how to
structure material to best teach students, especially young ones. This approach can be
divided into two general approaches: cognitive and behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - CORRECT ANSWERS-A teaching style which seeks to instruct
students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This area of teaching is
influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
Law of Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-A principle proposed by Edward Thorndike
stating behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while those with negative
outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of instruction which involves the
teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a particular learning goals.
This type of teaching is best for learning math or other complex skills, but not for less
structured tasks such as English composition.
Academic Learning Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of time the student
spends focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the material.
Scheduled Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The total length of the class.
Allocated Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of class time devoted to teaching.
Engaged Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of Allocated Time each individual
student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - CORRECT ANSWERS-A method of pedagogy where the teacher
actively looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a subject. Ways of doing
this include actively presenting concepts, checking to see if the students understand,
and reteaching any trouble areas for the students.
Generative learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of learning where the teacher
encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The teacher will show
relationships between the new subject matter and past learning and will encourage the
students to have confidence in their own ability to make these connections.
, Two-sigma problem - CORRECT ANSWERS-According to researcher Benjamin Bloom,
students with individual tutors generally perform two standard deviations (two "sigmas")
above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A testing procedure that measures
an individual student's score relative to those of a representative group of students.
These tests are used to rank students based on their skill levels compared to their
peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A testing procedure that
measures a student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a certain concept.
The purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a student has achieved a certain
learning objective.
Instruction - CORRECT ANSWERS-All sources that contribute to a student's learning.
This term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any others who promote
education.
Carroll's Model of School Learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-A learning model that
proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort needed to the effort
spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allowing each student to reach full mastery
of a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS-The study of how students learn and
develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - CORRECT ANSWERS-A humanistic, interdisciplinary form
of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and imagination in learning.
According to this theory, children pass through three learning stages: imitative learning,
artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A disruptive
disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits such as impulse
control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The three types are
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined
hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive.
Learning Disability - CORRECT ANSWERS-A broad category of disorders in which the
individual has difficulty learning in a typical way.
Dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A learning disability which impairs a person's
language ability. Those with this disorder may have difficulty with reading, writing, or
spelling.
Educational
Psychology CLEP
,Token Economy - CORRECT ANSWERS-A form of behavior modification using operant
conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the desired behavior, he is
awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be traded for a physical possession
or special privilege.
Pedagogy - CORRECT ANSWERS-The art of teaching. It encompasses different styles
and methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS-A theory which focuses on how to
structure material to best teach students, especially young ones. This approach can be
divided into two general approaches: cognitive and behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - CORRECT ANSWERS-A teaching style which seeks to instruct
students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This area of teaching is
influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
Law of Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-A principle proposed by Edward Thorndike
stating behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while those with negative
outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of instruction which involves the
teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a particular learning goals.
This type of teaching is best for learning math or other complex skills, but not for less
structured tasks such as English composition.
Academic Learning Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of time the student
spends focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the material.
Scheduled Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The total length of the class.
Allocated Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of class time devoted to teaching.
Engaged Time - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of Allocated Time each individual
student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - CORRECT ANSWERS-A method of pedagogy where the teacher
actively looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a subject. Ways of doing
this include actively presenting concepts, checking to see if the students understand,
and reteaching any trouble areas for the students.
Generative learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of learning where the teacher
encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The teacher will show
relationships between the new subject matter and past learning and will encourage the
students to have confidence in their own ability to make these connections.
, Two-sigma problem - CORRECT ANSWERS-According to researcher Benjamin Bloom,
students with individual tutors generally perform two standard deviations (two "sigmas")
above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A testing procedure that measures
an individual student's score relative to those of a representative group of students.
These tests are used to rank students based on their skill levels compared to their
peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A testing procedure that
measures a student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a certain concept.
The purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a student has achieved a certain
learning objective.
Instruction - CORRECT ANSWERS-All sources that contribute to a student's learning.
This term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any others who promote
education.
Carroll's Model of School Learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-A learning model that
proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort needed to the effort
spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allowing each student to reach full mastery
of a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS-The study of how students learn and
develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - CORRECT ANSWERS-A humanistic, interdisciplinary form
of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and imagination in learning.
According to this theory, children pass through three learning stages: imitative learning,
artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A disruptive
disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits such as impulse
control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The three types are
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined
hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive.
Learning Disability - CORRECT ANSWERS-A broad category of disorders in which the
individual has difficulty learning in a typical way.
Dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A learning disability which impairs a person's
language ability. Those with this disorder may have difficulty with reading, writing, or
spelling.
