BIO 351 Final Exam Latest Update 2025-
2026 Questions And Well-Elaborated
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,What is the genomic signal that tells the cell to start transcription? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS -promoter
What is the genomic signal that tells the cell to start translation? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS -AUG start codon
Which of the following is an accurate statement about enhancers?
a) 5'-3' orientation is important for function
b) they are located 5' of the promoter
c) they are within 10 kb of the coding sequences
d) they regulate translational efficiency
e) transcription factors bind to them - VERIFIED ANSWERS -transcription factors bind
to them
myostatin (inhibits/promotes) myogenesis - VERIFIED ANSWERS -inhibits
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type?
A. determination, differentiation, specification
B. differentiation, specification, determinati
C. differentiation, determination, specification
D. specification, determination, differentiation - VERIFIED ANSWERS -specification,
determination, differentiation
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Cell fates are reversible after specification.
B. During autonomous specification, cells require
communication with surrounding cells for commitment to
a fate.
C. Differentiation involves changes in gene expression,
morphology, and function.
D. Cell fates are irreversible after determination - VERIFIED ANSWERS -False - During
autonomous specification, cells require communication with surrounding cells for
commitment to a fate
Asymmetric cell division describes which of the
following?
A. Normal cell division.
B. A property of fully differentiated cells.
C. Meiosis
D. A property of stem cells that ensures self-
renewal. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A property of stem cells that ensures self-
renewal
- A cell division that produces unequal daughter cells.
, Which of the following best describes the most important properties of the Yamanaka
factors for iPSC generation?
A. Viral proteins that induce pluripotency.
B. Signaling receptors in trophoblasts.
C. Multipotential
D. Pioneering transcription factors expressed in ES cells. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -
Pioneering transcription factors expressed in ES cells.
What is the expected result when siRNA is
used in a cell?
A. It reduces expression of a specific protein.
B. It reduces transcription rate of a specific gene.
C. It directly binds to DNA in the nucleus.
D. It enhances expression of a specific gene. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -It reduces
expression of a specific protein
A plasmid is which of the following?
A. Circular extrachromosomal DNA
B. A chromosome
C. A protein
D. A bacteria - VERIFIED ANSWERS -Circular extrachromosomal DNA
You are making a transgene, where do you
predict it will integrate into the genome?
A. At a specific gene locus.
B. A random chromosomal location
C. On a plasmid
D. It does not integrate - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A random chromosomal location
Which of the following is a true statement about a
transgenic organism?
1. A transgene is in all cells of an embryo.
2. A transgene is only in a subset of cells of
the embryo.
3. A transgene is only in germ cells (eggs
and sperm).
4. A transgene is not found in cells - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A transgene is in all cells
of an embryo.
You are making a knockout mouse, after neomycin (positive) selection you treat the
surviving cells with gancyclovir (negative selection) and more cells die. What does cell
death after gancyclovir treatment indicate?
a. The targeting vector randomly inserted into the genome
b. The targeting vector inserted into the genome by homologous recombination
2026 Questions And Well-Elaborated
Answers Already Graded A + With Expert
Feedback/New!!
,What is the genomic signal that tells the cell to start transcription? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS -promoter
What is the genomic signal that tells the cell to start translation? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS -AUG start codon
Which of the following is an accurate statement about enhancers?
a) 5'-3' orientation is important for function
b) they are located 5' of the promoter
c) they are within 10 kb of the coding sequences
d) they regulate translational efficiency
e) transcription factors bind to them - VERIFIED ANSWERS -transcription factors bind
to them
myostatin (inhibits/promotes) myogenesis - VERIFIED ANSWERS -inhibits
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type?
A. determination, differentiation, specification
B. differentiation, specification, determinati
C. differentiation, determination, specification
D. specification, determination, differentiation - VERIFIED ANSWERS -specification,
determination, differentiation
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Cell fates are reversible after specification.
B. During autonomous specification, cells require
communication with surrounding cells for commitment to
a fate.
C. Differentiation involves changes in gene expression,
morphology, and function.
D. Cell fates are irreversible after determination - VERIFIED ANSWERS -False - During
autonomous specification, cells require communication with surrounding cells for
commitment to a fate
Asymmetric cell division describes which of the
following?
A. Normal cell division.
B. A property of fully differentiated cells.
C. Meiosis
D. A property of stem cells that ensures self-
renewal. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A property of stem cells that ensures self-
renewal
- A cell division that produces unequal daughter cells.
, Which of the following best describes the most important properties of the Yamanaka
factors for iPSC generation?
A. Viral proteins that induce pluripotency.
B. Signaling receptors in trophoblasts.
C. Multipotential
D. Pioneering transcription factors expressed in ES cells. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -
Pioneering transcription factors expressed in ES cells.
What is the expected result when siRNA is
used in a cell?
A. It reduces expression of a specific protein.
B. It reduces transcription rate of a specific gene.
C. It directly binds to DNA in the nucleus.
D. It enhances expression of a specific gene. - VERIFIED ANSWERS -It reduces
expression of a specific protein
A plasmid is which of the following?
A. Circular extrachromosomal DNA
B. A chromosome
C. A protein
D. A bacteria - VERIFIED ANSWERS -Circular extrachromosomal DNA
You are making a transgene, where do you
predict it will integrate into the genome?
A. At a specific gene locus.
B. A random chromosomal location
C. On a plasmid
D. It does not integrate - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A random chromosomal location
Which of the following is a true statement about a
transgenic organism?
1. A transgene is in all cells of an embryo.
2. A transgene is only in a subset of cells of
the embryo.
3. A transgene is only in germ cells (eggs
and sperm).
4. A transgene is not found in cells - VERIFIED ANSWERS -A transgene is in all cells
of an embryo.
You are making a knockout mouse, after neomycin (positive) selection you treat the
surviving cells with gancyclovir (negative selection) and more cells die. What does cell
death after gancyclovir treatment indicate?
a. The targeting vector randomly inserted into the genome
b. The targeting vector inserted into the genome by homologous recombination
