NSG 3023 Fundamentals Exam 1 |Actual Questions
and Answers Latest Updated 2025/2026 (Graded A+)
1. The nurse is preparing a 4 year old for surgery. Which technique is most
appropriate?
a. allow the child to handle safe medical equipment
b. limit the teaching to one 1 hour session
c. explain to the child that she will be put to sleep for the procedure
d. use an anatomically correct doll to explain the procedure
• Correct Answer: a. allow the child to handle safe medical equipment
Rationale: Preschool-aged children learn best through play and hands-on
interaction. Allowing the child to handle safe equipment reduces fear and
promotes cooperation. Long explanations or abstract discussions are
ineffective at this developmental stage.
2. The nurse is admitting a patient with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infection isolated in his stage III pressure ulcer. The nurse places the
patient on:
a. contact precautions.
b. airborne precautions.
c. droplet precautions.
d. protective environment.
• Correct Answer: a. contact precautions
Rationale: MRSA is transmitted by direct contact with contaminated surfaces
or wounds. Contact precautions (gloves, gown, dedicated equipment) are
required. Airborne and droplet precautions are unnecessary unless respiratory
involvement exists.
,3. The nurse is caring for a school-aged child who has injured the right leg after a
bicycle accident. Which signs and symptoms will the nurse assess for to
determine if the child is experiencing a localized inflammatory response?
a. Malaise, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, and increased white blood cells
b. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting
c. Dizziness and disorientation to time, date, and place
d. Edema, redness, tenderness, and loss of function
• Correct Answer: d. Edema, redness, tenderness, and loss of function
Rationale: Localized inflammation manifests as redness, swelling, heat, pain,
and impaired function. Systemic signs (malaise, anorexia, WBC elevation)
indicate infection spread.
4. A diabetic patient presents to the clinic for a dressing change. The wound is
located on the right foot and has purulent yellow drainage. Which action will
the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?
a. Position the patient comfortably on the stretcher.
b. Explain the procedure for dressing change to the patient.
c. Review the medication list that the patient brought from home.
d. Don gloves and other appropriate personal protective equipment.
• Correct Answer: d. Don gloves and other appropriate personal protective
equipment
Rationale: Standard precautions require PPE to prevent spread of infection,
especially when drainage is present. Comfort and education are important, but
infection control is priority.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient in labor and delivery. When near completing
an assessment of the patient’s cervix, the electronic infusion device being used
on the IV infusion alarms. Which sequence of actions is most appropriate for
the nurse to take?
a. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, and silence the alarm.
b. Discontinue the assessment, silence the alarm, and assess the IV site.
c. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, wash hands, and assess the IV
infusion.
, d. Discontinue the assessment, remove gloves, use hand gel, and assess the IV
infusion.
• Correct Answer: b. Discontinue the assessment, silence the alarm, and
assess the intravenous site.
Rationale: The IV infusion alarm indicates a potential complication (e.g.,
infiltration, occlusion). Patient safety requires stopping the assessment and
promptly checking the IV site before resuming care.
6. The nurse is dressed and is preparing to care for a patient in the perioperative
area. The nurse has scrubbed hands and has donned a sterile gown and gloves.
Which action will indicate a break in sterile technique?
a. Touching clean protective eyewear
b. Standing with hands above waist area
c. Accepting sterile supplies from the surgeon
d. Staying with the sterile table once it is open
• Correct Answer: a. Touching clean protective eyewear
Rationale: Sterile-gloved hands must not touch non-sterile surfaces. Protective
eyewear is considered clean, not sterile, so contact would break sterile
technique.
7. The nurse is caring for a patient with an incision. Which actions will best
indicate an understanding of medical and surgical asepsis for a sterile dressing
change?
a. Donning clean goggles, gown, and gloves to dress the wound
b. Donning sterile gown and gloves to remove the wound dressing
c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and sterile supplies for the new
dressing
d. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and clean supplies for the new
dressing
• Correct Answer: c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and
sterile supplies for the new dressing
Rationale: Old contaminated dressing is removed with clean gloves. A new
, sterile dressing requires sterile technique and supplies. Using clean supplies for
the new dressing would be inappropriate.
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just delivered a neonate. The nurse is
checking the patient for excessive vaginal drainage. Which precaution will the
nurse use?
a. Contact
b. Droplet
c. Standard
d. Protective environment
• Correct Answer: c. Standard
Rationale: Standard precautions apply to all patients where blood or body
fluid exposure is possible. No transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet,
airborne) are indicated unless infection is present.
9. The nurse is performing hand hygiene before assisting a health care provider
with insertion of a chest tube. While washing hands, the nurse touches the sink.
Which action will the nurse take next?
a. Inform the health care provider and recruit another nurse to assist.
b. Rinse and dry hands, and begin assisting the health care provider.
c. Extend the handwashing procedure to 5 minutes.
d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap.
• Correct Answer: d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap
Rationale: Touching the sink contaminates the hands. The nurse must repeat
handwashing thoroughly before performing a sterile procedure. Simply rinsing
or extending time is insufficient.
10. The nurse is caring for a patient on contact precautions. Which action will be
most appropriate to prevent the spread of disease?
a. Place the patient in a room with negative airflow.
b. Wear a gown, gloves, face mask, and goggles for interactions with the
patient.
and Answers Latest Updated 2025/2026 (Graded A+)
1. The nurse is preparing a 4 year old for surgery. Which technique is most
appropriate?
a. allow the child to handle safe medical equipment
b. limit the teaching to one 1 hour session
c. explain to the child that she will be put to sleep for the procedure
d. use an anatomically correct doll to explain the procedure
• Correct Answer: a. allow the child to handle safe medical equipment
Rationale: Preschool-aged children learn best through play and hands-on
interaction. Allowing the child to handle safe equipment reduces fear and
promotes cooperation. Long explanations or abstract discussions are
ineffective at this developmental stage.
2. The nurse is admitting a patient with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infection isolated in his stage III pressure ulcer. The nurse places the
patient on:
a. contact precautions.
b. airborne precautions.
c. droplet precautions.
d. protective environment.
• Correct Answer: a. contact precautions
Rationale: MRSA is transmitted by direct contact with contaminated surfaces
or wounds. Contact precautions (gloves, gown, dedicated equipment) are
required. Airborne and droplet precautions are unnecessary unless respiratory
involvement exists.
,3. The nurse is caring for a school-aged child who has injured the right leg after a
bicycle accident. Which signs and symptoms will the nurse assess for to
determine if the child is experiencing a localized inflammatory response?
a. Malaise, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, and increased white blood cells
b. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting
c. Dizziness and disorientation to time, date, and place
d. Edema, redness, tenderness, and loss of function
• Correct Answer: d. Edema, redness, tenderness, and loss of function
Rationale: Localized inflammation manifests as redness, swelling, heat, pain,
and impaired function. Systemic signs (malaise, anorexia, WBC elevation)
indicate infection spread.
4. A diabetic patient presents to the clinic for a dressing change. The wound is
located on the right foot and has purulent yellow drainage. Which action will
the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?
a. Position the patient comfortably on the stretcher.
b. Explain the procedure for dressing change to the patient.
c. Review the medication list that the patient brought from home.
d. Don gloves and other appropriate personal protective equipment.
• Correct Answer: d. Don gloves and other appropriate personal protective
equipment
Rationale: Standard precautions require PPE to prevent spread of infection,
especially when drainage is present. Comfort and education are important, but
infection control is priority.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient in labor and delivery. When near completing
an assessment of the patient’s cervix, the electronic infusion device being used
on the IV infusion alarms. Which sequence of actions is most appropriate for
the nurse to take?
a. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, and silence the alarm.
b. Discontinue the assessment, silence the alarm, and assess the IV site.
c. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, wash hands, and assess the IV
infusion.
, d. Discontinue the assessment, remove gloves, use hand gel, and assess the IV
infusion.
• Correct Answer: b. Discontinue the assessment, silence the alarm, and
assess the intravenous site.
Rationale: The IV infusion alarm indicates a potential complication (e.g.,
infiltration, occlusion). Patient safety requires stopping the assessment and
promptly checking the IV site before resuming care.
6. The nurse is dressed and is preparing to care for a patient in the perioperative
area. The nurse has scrubbed hands and has donned a sterile gown and gloves.
Which action will indicate a break in sterile technique?
a. Touching clean protective eyewear
b. Standing with hands above waist area
c. Accepting sterile supplies from the surgeon
d. Staying with the sterile table once it is open
• Correct Answer: a. Touching clean protective eyewear
Rationale: Sterile-gloved hands must not touch non-sterile surfaces. Protective
eyewear is considered clean, not sterile, so contact would break sterile
technique.
7. The nurse is caring for a patient with an incision. Which actions will best
indicate an understanding of medical and surgical asepsis for a sterile dressing
change?
a. Donning clean goggles, gown, and gloves to dress the wound
b. Donning sterile gown and gloves to remove the wound dressing
c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and sterile supplies for the new
dressing
d. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and clean supplies for the new
dressing
• Correct Answer: c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and
sterile supplies for the new dressing
Rationale: Old contaminated dressing is removed with clean gloves. A new
, sterile dressing requires sterile technique and supplies. Using clean supplies for
the new dressing would be inappropriate.
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just delivered a neonate. The nurse is
checking the patient for excessive vaginal drainage. Which precaution will the
nurse use?
a. Contact
b. Droplet
c. Standard
d. Protective environment
• Correct Answer: c. Standard
Rationale: Standard precautions apply to all patients where blood or body
fluid exposure is possible. No transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet,
airborne) are indicated unless infection is present.
9. The nurse is performing hand hygiene before assisting a health care provider
with insertion of a chest tube. While washing hands, the nurse touches the sink.
Which action will the nurse take next?
a. Inform the health care provider and recruit another nurse to assist.
b. Rinse and dry hands, and begin assisting the health care provider.
c. Extend the handwashing procedure to 5 minutes.
d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap.
• Correct Answer: d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap
Rationale: Touching the sink contaminates the hands. The nurse must repeat
handwashing thoroughly before performing a sterile procedure. Simply rinsing
or extending time is insufficient.
10. The nurse is caring for a patient on contact precautions. Which action will be
most appropriate to prevent the spread of disease?
a. Place the patient in a room with negative airflow.
b. Wear a gown, gloves, face mask, and goggles for interactions with the
patient.
