Pathophysiology Exam 2 – Verified Questions & Correct Answers (Latest 2025 Update)
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A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? Intravascular fluid CORRECT ANSWER A 35-year-old
male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? 42 L- the total volume
of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%) CORRECT ANSWER While planning
care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing
dehydration because they have a(n): decreased muscle mass CORRECT ANSWER Which of
the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries?
A patient with:liver failure CORRECT ANSWER Water movement between the ICF and ECF
compartments is determined by: osmotic forces CORRECT ANSWER An experiment was
designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following
alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? Increased interstitial oncotic
pressure CORRECT ANSWER When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. Sodium
CORRECT ANSWER A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure CORRECT ANSWER A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency
room (ER) because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:localized edema CORRECT ANSWER A
nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the
nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: increased plasma osmolality CORRECT
ANSWER Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: increased blood volume CORRECT
ANSWER A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal
cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? Decreased blood K+
levels CORRECT ANSWER A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse
,respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: Sodium CORRECT ANSWER A
5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? Intracellular
dehydration CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following patients is the most at risk for
developing hypernatremia? A patient with: dehydration CORRECT ANSWER The most
common cause of pure water deficit is: A. renal water loss CORRECT ANSWER
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: Hypertonic hyponatremia
CORRECT ANSWER A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet
and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment
finding is most likely to occur? decreased sodium CORRECT ANSWER When taking
care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____
in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. increase, increased
CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: Increased bicarbonate intake CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following
conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? Acute acidosis CORRECT
ANSWER Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? kidneys CORRECT ANSWER A 42-year-old female presents to her
primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests
indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
Primary hyperaldosteronism CORRECT ANSWER A 19-year-old male presents to his
primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that
he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition? acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? oliguria CORRECT ANSWER
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
carbonic acid and bicarbonate CORRECT ANSWER A nurse recalls regulation of acid-
base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: lungs
CORRECT ANSWER Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: 20:1 CORRECT ANSWER Which patient is most prone to
, metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: Excessive loss of chloride (Cl) CORRECT ANSWER
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with: renal failure CORRECT ANSWER For a patient experiencing metabolic
acidosis, the body will compensate by: hyperventilating CORRECT ANSWER Which
finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? pneumonia CORRECT ANSWER
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness
of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: respiratory acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the
body will include: Kidney excretion of H+ CORRECT ANSWER A 55-year-old female
presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the
extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Respiratory alkalosis with renal
compensation CORRECT ANSWER Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of
natriuretic peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment? heart CORRECT ANSWER
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) -Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching CORRECT ANSWER The nurse would anticipate the patient with
syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
(Select all that apply.) -Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching CORRECT ANSWER A primary care provider is talking about plasma
proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider
describing? antibodies CORRECT ANSWER While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls
the most abundant cells in the blood are: erythrocytes CORRECT ANSWER An adult
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A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? Intravascular fluid CORRECT ANSWER A 35-year-old
male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? 42 L- the total volume
of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%) CORRECT ANSWER While planning
care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing
dehydration because they have a(n): decreased muscle mass CORRECT ANSWER Which of
the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries?
A patient with:liver failure CORRECT ANSWER Water movement between the ICF and ECF
compartments is determined by: osmotic forces CORRECT ANSWER An experiment was
designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following
alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? Increased interstitial oncotic
pressure CORRECT ANSWER When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. Sodium
CORRECT ANSWER A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure CORRECT ANSWER A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency
room (ER) because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:localized edema CORRECT ANSWER A
nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the
nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: increased plasma osmolality CORRECT
ANSWER Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: increased blood volume CORRECT
ANSWER A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal
cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? Decreased blood K+
levels CORRECT ANSWER A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse
,respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: Sodium CORRECT ANSWER A
5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? Intracellular
dehydration CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following patients is the most at risk for
developing hypernatremia? A patient with: dehydration CORRECT ANSWER The most
common cause of pure water deficit is: A. renal water loss CORRECT ANSWER
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: Hypertonic hyponatremia
CORRECT ANSWER A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet
and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment
finding is most likely to occur? decreased sodium CORRECT ANSWER When taking
care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____
in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. increase, increased
CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: Increased bicarbonate intake CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following
conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? Acute acidosis CORRECT
ANSWER Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? kidneys CORRECT ANSWER A 42-year-old female presents to her
primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests
indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
Primary hyperaldosteronism CORRECT ANSWER A 19-year-old male presents to his
primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that
he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition? acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? oliguria CORRECT ANSWER
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
carbonic acid and bicarbonate CORRECT ANSWER A nurse recalls regulation of acid-
base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: lungs
CORRECT ANSWER Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: 20:1 CORRECT ANSWER Which patient is most prone to
, metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: Excessive loss of chloride (Cl) CORRECT ANSWER
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with: renal failure CORRECT ANSWER For a patient experiencing metabolic
acidosis, the body will compensate by: hyperventilating CORRECT ANSWER Which
finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? pneumonia CORRECT ANSWER
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness
of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: respiratory acidosis
CORRECT ANSWER For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the
body will include: Kidney excretion of H+ CORRECT ANSWER A 55-year-old female
presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the
extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Respiratory alkalosis with renal
compensation CORRECT ANSWER Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of
natriuretic peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment? heart CORRECT ANSWER
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) -Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching CORRECT ANSWER The nurse would anticipate the patient with
syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
(Select all that apply.) -Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching CORRECT ANSWER A primary care provider is talking about plasma
proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider
describing? antibodies CORRECT ANSWER While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls
the most abundant cells in the blood are: erythrocytes CORRECT ANSWER An adult
