Pathophysiology Final Exam Review (Latest 2025 Update) Comprehensive Study Guide &
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When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse
respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. c CORRECT ANSWER The phase of the cell
cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. a CORRECT ANSWER While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis.
The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. b CORRECT ANSWER A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY a CORRECT ANSWER A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass
from the shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond
the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
,a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. d CORRECT ANSWER When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse
knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy
which is an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. a CORRECT ANSWER The nurse identified each of the following clinical
manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that
apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain a,c,d,e CORRECT ANSWER Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting b CORRECT ANSWER A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome.
What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. d CORRECT ANSWER For a patient with respiratory acidosis,
chronic compensation by the body will include:
,a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. b CORRECT ANSWER Cystic fibrosis is caused by what
gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive c CORRECT ANSWER A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room
(ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. d CORRECT ANSWER During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis d CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Intravascular fluid
c. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
, d. Interstitial fluid b CORRECT ANSWER Which patient should the nurse assess for both
hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
a. pulmonary disorders.
b. Cushing syndrome.
c. renal failure.
d. diabetes insipidus. c CORRECT ANSWER When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked
recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
a. The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
b. The trait never skips generations.
c. The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
d. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
e. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. c,d,e CORRECT ANSWER A 10-
year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and
has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
a. IgA.
b. IgM.
c. IgE.
d. toxoids. c CORRECT ANSWER A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured
area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Pale skin at injured site
c. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
d. Edema at injured site d CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the
major plasma buffering system?
a .Sodium/potassium
b. Amylase/albumin
Verified Answers A+ Guaranteed
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse
respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. c CORRECT ANSWER The phase of the cell
cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. a CORRECT ANSWER While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis.
The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. b CORRECT ANSWER A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY a CORRECT ANSWER A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass
from the shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond
the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
,a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. d CORRECT ANSWER When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse
knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy
which is an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. a CORRECT ANSWER The nurse identified each of the following clinical
manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that
apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain a,c,d,e CORRECT ANSWER Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting b CORRECT ANSWER A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome.
What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. d CORRECT ANSWER For a patient with respiratory acidosis,
chronic compensation by the body will include:
,a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. b CORRECT ANSWER Cystic fibrosis is caused by what
gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive c CORRECT ANSWER A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room
(ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. d CORRECT ANSWER During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis d CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Intravascular fluid
c. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
, d. Interstitial fluid b CORRECT ANSWER Which patient should the nurse assess for both
hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
a. pulmonary disorders.
b. Cushing syndrome.
c. renal failure.
d. diabetes insipidus. c CORRECT ANSWER When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked
recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
a. The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
b. The trait never skips generations.
c. The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
d. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
e. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. c,d,e CORRECT ANSWER A 10-
year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and
has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
a. IgA.
b. IgM.
c. IgE.
d. toxoids. c CORRECT ANSWER A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured
area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Pale skin at injured site
c. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
d. Edema at injured site d CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the
major plasma buffering system?
a .Sodium/potassium
b. Amylase/albumin
