Question P1 – Socialisation P2 - Media P3 – Work and employment
Outline evidence of female inequalities in Hey (1997) studied friendship Tuchman (1978) argued that the ONS Reports that men a
UK society in work and employment groups of teenage girls and found narrow range of roles for women likely than women to wo
behaviour is controlled by the group amounted to their 'symbolic occupational levels whe
which is based on patriarchal views annihilation'. graduate, which are give
of how girls should be. Fergurson (1983), in her study ONS reports that men m
Ann Oakley (1981) argued children 'Forever Feminine', argued that majority of workers in th
are socialised into their gender roles women's magazines promoted of earners in the UK.
by their families in four ways: traditional ideals of femininity with ONS reports that self-em
manipulation (encouragement and a focus on 'him, home and looking women earn 40% less th
discouragement), canalisation good (for him)'. employed men.
(channelling the child's interests), Bristol Fawcett Society analysis UK Feminista reports th
verbal appellation (nicknames) and (2008) found that only 30% of the 30,000 women in the UK
different activities (chores). main characters in a day's output for being pregnant, whic
Parsons (1955) suggests that from CBeebies were women and averagely 400,000 wome
females have an expressive role in prime-time dramas retained a 60:40 in promotions because o
the family based on their ratio of men to women in speaking pregnancy.
childbearing role - it is not only parts. Women’s budget group
natural but reinforced by Marxist Feminist Wolf defines the women are unable to wo
socialisation. Equally, he argues 'beauty myth' as portrayals of slim to take care of their child
males have the role of breadwinner and attractive women boost beauty Oxfam (2008) presents t
and protector due to their physically and diet products which make vast women, compared to 14
stronger nature- reinforced through amounts of money as an industry, have persistent low inco
socialisation. These roles are backing up capitalism. income of retired wome
functional for the family and becomes less than 40% o
society. retired men.
Outline evidence of male inequalities in UK Mac an Ghaill (1994) showed how Gauntlett's (2008) analysis of ONS reports men in the
society in work and employment boys learn to be boys in peer groups gender representations in films longer hours than wome
where their behaviour is policed by since the 1990s shows men and hours a week, compared
each other. women having similar skills and hours for women.
, hegemonic masculinity because down.
men's status as breadwinner Earp and Katz (1999) – media
underpins their entire gender provided a steady stream of images
identity. Consequentially, which define violence as an
marginalised masculinity increases ordinary or normal part of
as a reaction to this de-masculinity masculinity. “The media help
caused by the changing workforce construct violent masculinity as a
and women’s role in society. For cultural norm. Media discourse
example, revals the assumption that violence
Faludi's study called 'Spur Possee' is not defined but accepted in
shows how young working class masculinity”.
males in America blame feminism Children Now (1999) – 6 common
for their troubles and respond by stereotypes of men in the media:
engaging in sexual violence - their o The joker
only remaining source of power. o The jock
o Strong silent type
o Big shot
o Action hero
o Buffoon
Outline evidence of social class inequalities Reay shows how middle-class Owen Jones (2012) uses the term The Sutton Trust found t
in UK society in work and employment mothers are able to influence their 'chavtainment' to refer to 'reality TV shows, the UK is private-schoole
children's primary schooling more sketch shows, talk shows, even films … 50% of all elected MP’s a
than working-class mothers. Some dedicated to working-class Britain' that private-schooled, which
working class mothers had negative portray working-class individuals as those with better educa
experiences of school themselves, 'bigoted, slothful, aggressive people who more likely to obtain a b
making it difficult to assist their cannot look after themselves, let alone their paid job.
child's educational career. children' (2012: 122). Jones criticises a Mooney found that atte
Bourdieu suggested that for number of successful TV shows, such as private schools, such as
middle-class students going to Wife Swap and The Jeremy Kyle Show, which universities leads to easi
university is like being a 'fish in he sees as deliberately portraying working- into elite job positions.
water' compared with the working- class people in a negative way - they Bourdieu found that wo
class experience of university, construct a type of underclass that contrasts people face discriminatio
which can be isolating and with earlier ideas about working-class competing for jobs, whic
daunting. culture. Essentially, they have gone from emphasizes the role of c
Roker studied public schools and being portrayed as 'the salt of the earth' to social capital.
suggests that students considered 'the scum of the earth'. Price (2014) names Willis found that there’s
themselves as superior to the this 'poverty porn' where media meritocracy’ as he argue
products of state schools. representations are intended to exploit a working class people are
Outline evidence of female inequalities in Hey (1997) studied friendship Tuchman (1978) argued that the ONS Reports that men a
UK society in work and employment groups of teenage girls and found narrow range of roles for women likely than women to wo
behaviour is controlled by the group amounted to their 'symbolic occupational levels whe
which is based on patriarchal views annihilation'. graduate, which are give
of how girls should be. Fergurson (1983), in her study ONS reports that men m
Ann Oakley (1981) argued children 'Forever Feminine', argued that majority of workers in th
are socialised into their gender roles women's magazines promoted of earners in the UK.
by their families in four ways: traditional ideals of femininity with ONS reports that self-em
manipulation (encouragement and a focus on 'him, home and looking women earn 40% less th
discouragement), canalisation good (for him)'. employed men.
(channelling the child's interests), Bristol Fawcett Society analysis UK Feminista reports th
verbal appellation (nicknames) and (2008) found that only 30% of the 30,000 women in the UK
different activities (chores). main characters in a day's output for being pregnant, whic
Parsons (1955) suggests that from CBeebies were women and averagely 400,000 wome
females have an expressive role in prime-time dramas retained a 60:40 in promotions because o
the family based on their ratio of men to women in speaking pregnancy.
childbearing role - it is not only parts. Women’s budget group
natural but reinforced by Marxist Feminist Wolf defines the women are unable to wo
socialisation. Equally, he argues 'beauty myth' as portrayals of slim to take care of their child
males have the role of breadwinner and attractive women boost beauty Oxfam (2008) presents t
and protector due to their physically and diet products which make vast women, compared to 14
stronger nature- reinforced through amounts of money as an industry, have persistent low inco
socialisation. These roles are backing up capitalism. income of retired wome
functional for the family and becomes less than 40% o
society. retired men.
Outline evidence of male inequalities in UK Mac an Ghaill (1994) showed how Gauntlett's (2008) analysis of ONS reports men in the
society in work and employment boys learn to be boys in peer groups gender representations in films longer hours than wome
where their behaviour is policed by since the 1990s shows men and hours a week, compared
each other. women having similar skills and hours for women.
, hegemonic masculinity because down.
men's status as breadwinner Earp and Katz (1999) – media
underpins their entire gender provided a steady stream of images
identity. Consequentially, which define violence as an
marginalised masculinity increases ordinary or normal part of
as a reaction to this de-masculinity masculinity. “The media help
caused by the changing workforce construct violent masculinity as a
and women’s role in society. For cultural norm. Media discourse
example, revals the assumption that violence
Faludi's study called 'Spur Possee' is not defined but accepted in
shows how young working class masculinity”.
males in America blame feminism Children Now (1999) – 6 common
for their troubles and respond by stereotypes of men in the media:
engaging in sexual violence - their o The joker
only remaining source of power. o The jock
o Strong silent type
o Big shot
o Action hero
o Buffoon
Outline evidence of social class inequalities Reay shows how middle-class Owen Jones (2012) uses the term The Sutton Trust found t
in UK society in work and employment mothers are able to influence their 'chavtainment' to refer to 'reality TV shows, the UK is private-schoole
children's primary schooling more sketch shows, talk shows, even films … 50% of all elected MP’s a
than working-class mothers. Some dedicated to working-class Britain' that private-schooled, which
working class mothers had negative portray working-class individuals as those with better educa
experiences of school themselves, 'bigoted, slothful, aggressive people who more likely to obtain a b
making it difficult to assist their cannot look after themselves, let alone their paid job.
child's educational career. children' (2012: 122). Jones criticises a Mooney found that atte
Bourdieu suggested that for number of successful TV shows, such as private schools, such as
middle-class students going to Wife Swap and The Jeremy Kyle Show, which universities leads to easi
university is like being a 'fish in he sees as deliberately portraying working- into elite job positions.
water' compared with the working- class people in a negative way - they Bourdieu found that wo
class experience of university, construct a type of underclass that contrasts people face discriminatio
which can be isolating and with earlier ideas about working-class competing for jobs, whic
daunting. culture. Essentially, they have gone from emphasizes the role of c
Roker studied public schools and being portrayed as 'the salt of the earth' to social capital.
suggests that students considered 'the scum of the earth'. Price (2014) names Willis found that there’s
themselves as superior to the this 'poverty porn' where media meritocracy’ as he argue
products of state schools. representations are intended to exploit a working class people are
