BMS 127 Final Exam 2025 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Rated A+
By the 1880s, rabbits overran the land, it caused __________ and extinction of many animals.
Pest control measures were ineffective - answers-desertification
A French man developed a virus to help with population control in France, he injected the virus
into 2 rabbits, and within 2 years, __________% of rabbits in France died - answers-90
__________ causes a deadly disease in European not American rabbits, English rabbits died too.
South American rabbits suffered mild disease - answers-Myxomavirus
As a result, the __________ lynx became extinct because rabbits were their main prey -
answers-Iberian
Myxomatosis was introduced to Australian rabbits in 1950, it is transmitted via __________ and
__________ - answers-fleas, mosquitos
__________ are non membrane bound, naked DNA with protein on it to hold it in supercoiled
form, this is the only way that DNA can stay inside the cell. It is a huge circular piece of DNA -
answers-Nucleoids
All genes in its genome are on the chromosome, this is called the __________ genome -
answers-housekeeping
Recombination is most likely to occur during __________ - answers-transduction
Sometimes prokaryotes have other DNA, these are called __________, which are separated
from the main DNA - answers-plasmids
,Plasmids are small, __________, extrachromosomal DNA - answers-circular
They can contain genes which can code for proteins, can change phenotype, give the prokaryote
bonus abilities, but it is __________ __________ to survive - answers-not needed
It can __________ independently from the chromosome. - answers-replicate
The replication rate determines the __________ number - answers-copy
__________ copy number = high replication rate, it also means it has a strong origin (more in
cytoplasm) - answers-high
__________ copy number = low replication rate, weak origin (less in cytoplasm) - answers-low
There are two types of plasmid replication, these are __________ __________ plasmid
replication, and __________ __________ - answers-theta type, rolling circle
Theta-type plasmid replication is the __________ type - answers-normal
Starts as a circle, the two circles begin to separate at __________ of __________, these are the
replication forks (2) in circular, (1) linear - answers-origins, replication
Goes from __________ double strand DNA to __________ double strand DNA - answers-1, 2
__________ bonds are broken, not __________ bonds - answers-Hydrogen, phosphodiester
,The enzyme that builds DNA is called __________ __________ - answers-DNA polymerase
Theta-type plasmid replication (in notebook) - answers-
Rolling circle plasmid replcation is when __________ bonds are broken - answers-
phosphodiester
The area where the bond is broken on one strand, not the other, is called a __________ -
answers-nick
the origin of replication is where the __________ bonds break, and where the enzyme that
separates the two strands binds - answers-hydrogen
__________ DNA is peeled off from circular DNA, DNA polymerase is building new DNA -
answers-linear
Eventually, the __________ is peeled off, and the linear DNA circularizes during __________ -
answers-nick, circularization
Plasmids are sort of autonomous, they regulate their own __________ __________ inside the
bacterial cell - answers-replication rates
Rolling circle plasmid replication (in notebook) - answers-
__________ is the exchange of genes between two DNA molecules, making new combinations
of genes on each - answers-Recombination
, All cells can do this, and the enzymes are all over nature, it creates diversity. In eukaryotes,
recombination creates the standing next to eachother of __________ - answers-chromosomes
Recombination happens at __________ of __________ __________ - answers-regions of
sequence identity (where sequences are the same)
Microbial genetics. __________ is an example of horizontal gene transfer - answers-
Transformation
__________ __________ __________ is the movement of genes horizontally to preexisting
organisms, does not need to be related. - answers-Horizontal gene transfer
__________ __________ __________ is sexual reproduction - answers-vertical gene transfer
There are three mechanisms of Horizontal gene transfer, these are __________, __________,
and __________ - answers-conjugation, transformation, transduction
__________ is the transfer of a plasmid between cells through a sex pilus. It is not a
reproduction event, they are preexisting cells of the same generation - answers-conjugation
__________ is the uptake of free DNA from the environment - answers-Transformation
__________ is the transfer of bacterial genes from cell to cell via phage (i.e a virus) - answers-
Transduction
In conjugation, __________ might occur, this results in the __________ of the plasmid into the
chromosome - answers-recombination, insertion
By the 1880s, rabbits overran the land, it caused __________ and extinction of many animals.
Pest control measures were ineffective - answers-desertification
A French man developed a virus to help with population control in France, he injected the virus
into 2 rabbits, and within 2 years, __________% of rabbits in France died - answers-90
__________ causes a deadly disease in European not American rabbits, English rabbits died too.
South American rabbits suffered mild disease - answers-Myxomavirus
As a result, the __________ lynx became extinct because rabbits were their main prey -
answers-Iberian
Myxomatosis was introduced to Australian rabbits in 1950, it is transmitted via __________ and
__________ - answers-fleas, mosquitos
__________ are non membrane bound, naked DNA with protein on it to hold it in supercoiled
form, this is the only way that DNA can stay inside the cell. It is a huge circular piece of DNA -
answers-Nucleoids
All genes in its genome are on the chromosome, this is called the __________ genome -
answers-housekeeping
Recombination is most likely to occur during __________ - answers-transduction
Sometimes prokaryotes have other DNA, these are called __________, which are separated
from the main DNA - answers-plasmids
,Plasmids are small, __________, extrachromosomal DNA - answers-circular
They can contain genes which can code for proteins, can change phenotype, give the prokaryote
bonus abilities, but it is __________ __________ to survive - answers-not needed
It can __________ independently from the chromosome. - answers-replicate
The replication rate determines the __________ number - answers-copy
__________ copy number = high replication rate, it also means it has a strong origin (more in
cytoplasm) - answers-high
__________ copy number = low replication rate, weak origin (less in cytoplasm) - answers-low
There are two types of plasmid replication, these are __________ __________ plasmid
replication, and __________ __________ - answers-theta type, rolling circle
Theta-type plasmid replication is the __________ type - answers-normal
Starts as a circle, the two circles begin to separate at __________ of __________, these are the
replication forks (2) in circular, (1) linear - answers-origins, replication
Goes from __________ double strand DNA to __________ double strand DNA - answers-1, 2
__________ bonds are broken, not __________ bonds - answers-Hydrogen, phosphodiester
,The enzyme that builds DNA is called __________ __________ - answers-DNA polymerase
Theta-type plasmid replication (in notebook) - answers-
Rolling circle plasmid replcation is when __________ bonds are broken - answers-
phosphodiester
The area where the bond is broken on one strand, not the other, is called a __________ -
answers-nick
the origin of replication is where the __________ bonds break, and where the enzyme that
separates the two strands binds - answers-hydrogen
__________ DNA is peeled off from circular DNA, DNA polymerase is building new DNA -
answers-linear
Eventually, the __________ is peeled off, and the linear DNA circularizes during __________ -
answers-nick, circularization
Plasmids are sort of autonomous, they regulate their own __________ __________ inside the
bacterial cell - answers-replication rates
Rolling circle plasmid replication (in notebook) - answers-
__________ is the exchange of genes between two DNA molecules, making new combinations
of genes on each - answers-Recombination
, All cells can do this, and the enzymes are all over nature, it creates diversity. In eukaryotes,
recombination creates the standing next to eachother of __________ - answers-chromosomes
Recombination happens at __________ of __________ __________ - answers-regions of
sequence identity (where sequences are the same)
Microbial genetics. __________ is an example of horizontal gene transfer - answers-
Transformation
__________ __________ __________ is the movement of genes horizontally to preexisting
organisms, does not need to be related. - answers-Horizontal gene transfer
__________ __________ __________ is sexual reproduction - answers-vertical gene transfer
There are three mechanisms of Horizontal gene transfer, these are __________, __________,
and __________ - answers-conjugation, transformation, transduction
__________ is the transfer of a plasmid between cells through a sex pilus. It is not a
reproduction event, they are preexisting cells of the same generation - answers-conjugation
__________ is the uptake of free DNA from the environment - answers-Transformation
__________ is the transfer of bacterial genes from cell to cell via phage (i.e a virus) - answers-
Transduction
In conjugation, __________ might occur, this results in the __________ of the plasmid into the
chromosome - answers-recombination, insertion
