PNR 116 Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
medical asepsis - Answers practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens;
synonym for clean technique
surgical asepsis - Answers techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called
sterile technique
infectious agent - Answers a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease
reservoir - Answers a source of the pathogen in the environment
portal of exit - Answers any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave
mode of transmission - Answers a way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another
reservoir or host where it can live
susceptible host - Answers a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body
defenses are weak
localized infection - Answers an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and
has local symptoms
systemic infection - Answers an infection throughout the body
physical restraint - Answers any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or
equipment attached to or near the person's body that he or she cannot remove easily and that
restricts freedom of movement or normal access to one's body
chemical restraint - Answers any drug that is used for discipline or convenience and not
required to treat medical symptoms
environmental restraint - Answers used to restrain a client within a specific area
supine - Answers lying on the back
prone - Answers lying face down
lateral position - Answers side lying position
Sims position - Answers lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn
behind, parallel to the back
High Fowler's Position - Answers A semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90
degrees
abduction - Answers Movement away from the midline of the body
, Adduction - Answers Movement toward the midline of the body
extension - Answers Straightening of a joint
hyperextension - Answers extension beyond anatomical position
flexion - Answers bending a joint
Rotation - Answers turning of a part around the axis
Pronation - Answers turning the palm downward
Supination - Answers movement that turns the palm up
Circumduction - Answers circular movement of a limb at the far end
opposition - Answers Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips
type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answers diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs
and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
type 2 diabetes - Answers progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to
insulin
gestational diabetes mellitus - Answers the form of diabetes that occurs during some
pregnancies
Prediabetes - Answers a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not
high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
Normal blood glucose - Answers 4-7 mmols
hypoglycemia - Answers low blood sugar
hyperglycemia - Answers high blood sugar
food texture - Answers nectar, honey, pureed, chopped/minced, regular
Normal body temperature - Answers 36.5-37.5
normal pulse - Answers 60-100
Normal respiration rate - Answers 12-20 breaths per minute
normal blood pressure - Answers 120/80
Hypertension - Answers high blood pressure
hypotension - Answers low blood pressure
medical asepsis - Answers practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens;
synonym for clean technique
surgical asepsis - Answers techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called
sterile technique
infectious agent - Answers a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease
reservoir - Answers a source of the pathogen in the environment
portal of exit - Answers any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave
mode of transmission - Answers a way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another
reservoir or host where it can live
susceptible host - Answers a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body
defenses are weak
localized infection - Answers an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and
has local symptoms
systemic infection - Answers an infection throughout the body
physical restraint - Answers any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or
equipment attached to or near the person's body that he or she cannot remove easily and that
restricts freedom of movement or normal access to one's body
chemical restraint - Answers any drug that is used for discipline or convenience and not
required to treat medical symptoms
environmental restraint - Answers used to restrain a client within a specific area
supine - Answers lying on the back
prone - Answers lying face down
lateral position - Answers side lying position
Sims position - Answers lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn
behind, parallel to the back
High Fowler's Position - Answers A semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90
degrees
abduction - Answers Movement away from the midline of the body
, Adduction - Answers Movement toward the midline of the body
extension - Answers Straightening of a joint
hyperextension - Answers extension beyond anatomical position
flexion - Answers bending a joint
Rotation - Answers turning of a part around the axis
Pronation - Answers turning the palm downward
Supination - Answers movement that turns the palm up
Circumduction - Answers circular movement of a limb at the far end
opposition - Answers Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips
type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answers diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs
and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
type 2 diabetes - Answers progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to
insulin
gestational diabetes mellitus - Answers the form of diabetes that occurs during some
pregnancies
Prediabetes - Answers a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not
high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
Normal blood glucose - Answers 4-7 mmols
hypoglycemia - Answers low blood sugar
hyperglycemia - Answers high blood sugar
food texture - Answers nectar, honey, pureed, chopped/minced, regular
Normal body temperature - Answers 36.5-37.5
normal pulse - Answers 60-100
Normal respiration rate - Answers 12-20 breaths per minute
normal blood pressure - Answers 120/80
Hypertension - Answers high blood pressure
hypotension - Answers low blood pressure
