SUBSTANCE ABUSE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
What are numerous potential factors that influence an individual's use of drugs? -
Answer -Individual influences
Interpersonal and Societal influences
Environmental influences
In 2011, an estimated _______ persons aged 12 or older were classified with substance
abuse or dependence in the past year (8.0% of the population aged 12 or older) -
Answer -20.6 million
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
race/ethnicity - Answer -American Indians or Alaska Natives 16.8%
Lowest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
race/ethnicity - Answer -Asians: 3.3%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among adults aged 18 or older by
education level - Answer -Some college: 9.5%
Lowest rates of substance abuse or dependence among adults aged 18 or older by
education level - Answer -Graduated from a college or university: 6.4%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
age - Answer -Young adults 18-25: 18.6%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
gender: - Answer -Males: 10.4%
Goals of Prevention Programs - Answer -Enhance protective factors
Reverse or reduce risk factors
Address all forms of drug abuse and dependence
To improve effectiveness, tailor prevention programs to the characteristics of the
audience
Enhance protective factors includes: - Answer -Values and skills
Parental monitoring
Anti-drug use polices
Reverse or reduce risk factors includes: - Answer -Lack of parental supervision
Lure of gang membership
Aggressive behavior
Drug availability
Poverty
, Level 1: Primary Prevention - Answer -refer to a broad range of activities aimed at
reducing the risk of drug use among non-users and assuring continued non-use
Targets at-risk: Individuals, Families, Communities
Intrapersonal: - Answer -Affective education, values development, personal & social
skills development (assertiveness and refusal skills), drug information and education
Small group: - Answer -Peer mentoring, conflict resolution, curriculum infusion,
clarification of peer norms and family support
Systems level: - Answer -School-family links, school-community links, community
support systems, media advocacy and marketing strategies
Level 2: Secondary Prevention - Answer -consist of uncovering potentially harmful
substance use prior to the onset of overt symptoms and targeting newer drug users with
a limited history of substance use or abuse
Targets at risk: Early experimenters, Non-problem users
Secondary prevention programs: - Answer -Assessment and identification of abuse
subgroups and individual diagnoses
Early intervention coupled with sanctions
Development of healthy lifestyle behaviors
Use of recovering role models
Level 3: Tertiary Prevention - Answer -programs focus directly on intervention
Targets chemically dependent individuals who need treatment so that further disability is
minimized
The primary focus is intervention at an advanced state of substance use/abuse - very
similar to drug abuse treatment
Tertiary prevention programs: - Answer -Assessment and diagnosis
Referral to treatment
Case management
Recovery and reentry into a life without drugs
Primary, secondary and tertiary programs are often used ______, because in most
settings, all three types of drug users constitute the targeted populations - Answer -in
combination
Drug Courts - Answer -Courts designed to focus on treatment programs and other
options as an alternative to incarcerating drug offenders
Judges share power w/attorneys, treatment providers and law enforcement in rendering
verdicts on drug charges
Drug Courts treatment plan include: - Answer -Detoxification, stabilization, and after-
care
What are numerous potential factors that influence an individual's use of drugs? -
Answer -Individual influences
Interpersonal and Societal influences
Environmental influences
In 2011, an estimated _______ persons aged 12 or older were classified with substance
abuse or dependence in the past year (8.0% of the population aged 12 or older) -
Answer -20.6 million
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
race/ethnicity - Answer -American Indians or Alaska Natives 16.8%
Lowest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
race/ethnicity - Answer -Asians: 3.3%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among adults aged 18 or older by
education level - Answer -Some college: 9.5%
Lowest rates of substance abuse or dependence among adults aged 18 or older by
education level - Answer -Graduated from a college or university: 6.4%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
age - Answer -Young adults 18-25: 18.6%
Highest rates of substance abuse or dependence among persons aged 12 or older by
gender: - Answer -Males: 10.4%
Goals of Prevention Programs - Answer -Enhance protective factors
Reverse or reduce risk factors
Address all forms of drug abuse and dependence
To improve effectiveness, tailor prevention programs to the characteristics of the
audience
Enhance protective factors includes: - Answer -Values and skills
Parental monitoring
Anti-drug use polices
Reverse or reduce risk factors includes: - Answer -Lack of parental supervision
Lure of gang membership
Aggressive behavior
Drug availability
Poverty
, Level 1: Primary Prevention - Answer -refer to a broad range of activities aimed at
reducing the risk of drug use among non-users and assuring continued non-use
Targets at-risk: Individuals, Families, Communities
Intrapersonal: - Answer -Affective education, values development, personal & social
skills development (assertiveness and refusal skills), drug information and education
Small group: - Answer -Peer mentoring, conflict resolution, curriculum infusion,
clarification of peer norms and family support
Systems level: - Answer -School-family links, school-community links, community
support systems, media advocacy and marketing strategies
Level 2: Secondary Prevention - Answer -consist of uncovering potentially harmful
substance use prior to the onset of overt symptoms and targeting newer drug users with
a limited history of substance use or abuse
Targets at risk: Early experimenters, Non-problem users
Secondary prevention programs: - Answer -Assessment and identification of abuse
subgroups and individual diagnoses
Early intervention coupled with sanctions
Development of healthy lifestyle behaviors
Use of recovering role models
Level 3: Tertiary Prevention - Answer -programs focus directly on intervention
Targets chemically dependent individuals who need treatment so that further disability is
minimized
The primary focus is intervention at an advanced state of substance use/abuse - very
similar to drug abuse treatment
Tertiary prevention programs: - Answer -Assessment and diagnosis
Referral to treatment
Case management
Recovery and reentry into a life without drugs
Primary, secondary and tertiary programs are often used ______, because in most
settings, all three types of drug users constitute the targeted populations - Answer -in
combination
Drug Courts - Answer -Courts designed to focus on treatment programs and other
options as an alternative to incarcerating drug offenders
Judges share power w/attorneys, treatment providers and law enforcement in rendering
verdicts on drug charges
Drug Courts treatment plan include: - Answer -Detoxification, stabilization, and after-
care
