Nephrotic Syndrome Exam Answered Correctly!!!
1. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- The nephrotic syndrome
-The nephrotic syndrome is a group of signs and
is a group of signs and
symp- toms seen in patients with glomerular
symptoms seen in
disease
patients with x x
o Characterized by a marked increase in
o Characterized by a marked
glomerular cap- illary wall permeability to serum
in- crease in glomerular
proteins, which results in
capillary wall xity to serum x,
o Loss of protein in the urine (primary defect)
which results in
o Loss of x in the urine (xry
defect) -The nephrotic syndrome may result from
primary or secondary glomerular diseases
2. - The nephrotic syndrome may
o Primary glomerular disease is one in which
re- sult from primary or
the kidney is the only organ involved
secondary glomerular
diseases
o Primary glomerular disease
is
one in which the x is the only organ o Secondary glomerular disease injures the
glomeruli in
involved
o Secondary glomerular
disease injures the glomeruli
in the course of a number of
xic diseases, such as
systemic x x, xes, and
others 4.
3. What are the 4 manifestations
of nephrotic syndrome?
, Nephrotic Syndrome Exam Answered Correctly!!!
the course of a number of systemic diseases,
such as systemic lupus erythematosus,
diabetes, and others
-The manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome
include: o Massive proteinuria (loss of 3.5 grams
or more per day)
o Hypoalbuminemia (plasma albumin
levels <3 grams/dL)
o Edema
usually generalized, but may only be periorbital or
lower extremity
o Hyperlipidemia
, Nephrotic Syndrome Exam Answered Correctly!!!
Which serum changes are Derangement of capillary walls -> 3 important
seen in all types of nephrotic proteins, then liver "compensates"
syndrome, and why? 1. Hypoalbuminemia (results in pitting edema)
2. Hypogammaglobinemia (inc. risk of infection)
3. Hypercoaguability (loss of antithrombin III,
which usu- ally breaks up thrombin and destroys
coag factors)
4. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia -
(results in urine fatty casts, liver responding by
adding to blood)
5. Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syn- Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
drome -The initial event is a derangement in glomerular
- The initial event is a capil- lary walls resulting in increased permeability
xnt in glomerular x x to plasma proteins
resulting in in- creased
xity to plasma xs -Increased permeability allows protein to escape
from the plasma into the glomerular filtrate
- Increased xity allows xin to o Massive proteinuria results
es- cape from the plasma
into the glomerular xate -Heavy proteinuria leads to depletion of serum
o Massive xia results albumin (hypoalbuminemia)
- Heavy xia leads to depletion -The generalized edema results from the loss of
of serum x colloid osmotic pressure of the blood with
(xemia) subsequent accumu- lation of fluid in the
interstitial tissues
- The generalized edema
results
from the loss of xid xic pressure of - The genesis of the hyperlipidemia is
1. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- The nephrotic syndrome
-The nephrotic syndrome is a group of signs and
is a group of signs and
symp- toms seen in patients with glomerular
symptoms seen in
disease
patients with x x
o Characterized by a marked increase in
o Characterized by a marked
glomerular cap- illary wall permeability to serum
in- crease in glomerular
proteins, which results in
capillary wall xity to serum x,
o Loss of protein in the urine (primary defect)
which results in
o Loss of x in the urine (xry
defect) -The nephrotic syndrome may result from
primary or secondary glomerular diseases
2. - The nephrotic syndrome may
o Primary glomerular disease is one in which
re- sult from primary or
the kidney is the only organ involved
secondary glomerular
diseases
o Primary glomerular disease
is
one in which the x is the only organ o Secondary glomerular disease injures the
glomeruli in
involved
o Secondary glomerular
disease injures the glomeruli
in the course of a number of
xic diseases, such as
systemic x x, xes, and
others 4.
3. What are the 4 manifestations
of nephrotic syndrome?
, Nephrotic Syndrome Exam Answered Correctly!!!
the course of a number of systemic diseases,
such as systemic lupus erythematosus,
diabetes, and others
-The manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome
include: o Massive proteinuria (loss of 3.5 grams
or more per day)
o Hypoalbuminemia (plasma albumin
levels <3 grams/dL)
o Edema
usually generalized, but may only be periorbital or
lower extremity
o Hyperlipidemia
, Nephrotic Syndrome Exam Answered Correctly!!!
Which serum changes are Derangement of capillary walls -> 3 important
seen in all types of nephrotic proteins, then liver "compensates"
syndrome, and why? 1. Hypoalbuminemia (results in pitting edema)
2. Hypogammaglobinemia (inc. risk of infection)
3. Hypercoaguability (loss of antithrombin III,
which usu- ally breaks up thrombin and destroys
coag factors)
4. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia -
(results in urine fatty casts, liver responding by
adding to blood)
5. Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syn- Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
drome -The initial event is a derangement in glomerular
- The initial event is a capil- lary walls resulting in increased permeability
xnt in glomerular x x to plasma proteins
resulting in in- creased
xity to plasma xs -Increased permeability allows protein to escape
from the plasma into the glomerular filtrate
- Increased xity allows xin to o Massive proteinuria results
es- cape from the plasma
into the glomerular xate -Heavy proteinuria leads to depletion of serum
o Massive xia results albumin (hypoalbuminemia)
- Heavy xia leads to depletion -The generalized edema results from the loss of
of serum x colloid osmotic pressure of the blood with
(xemia) subsequent accumu- lation of fluid in the
interstitial tissues
- The generalized edema
results
from the loss of xid xic pressure of - The genesis of the hyperlipidemia is
