NSG-316 Exam 3
Myocardium ANS: heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and atrium
Atria are thinner as they need to pump less strong
pericardium ANS: external layer that protects heart from injury/infection
endocardium ANS: 3 layered membrane that lines heart chambers
blockage of coronary arteries can lead to ANS: heart attack or stroke
heart failure ANS: increased pressure of cardiac overload
-pulm congestion
-inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
Left sided heart failure ANS: dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
right sided heart failure ANS: blood back up in the periphery and will present with edema
cardiomegaly ANS: abnormal enlargement of the heart due to over working to compensate for
decreased function
frequency ANS: high pitched or low pitched
what should you use the diaphragm of a stethoscope for ANS: high pitched, normal sounds
what should you use the bell of a stethoscope for ANS: low pitched, abnormal heart sounds, murmurs
,intensity/loudness ANS: loud or soft
duration ANS: short heart sounds, or silent periods
timing ANS: systole or diastole
carotid artery/pulse ANS: found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is felt
what is the most diminished pulse in the aging adult ANS: pedal pulse
normal heart sounds ANS: S1 and S2
S1 heart sound ANS: -occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valve)
-"lub" sound
-loudest at apex (5th intercostal space at midclavicular line)
S2 heart sound ANS: -occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves)
-"dub" sound
-loudest at base of heart (2nd intercostal space)
abnormal heart sounds ANS: S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
S3 heart sounds ANS: -not usually heard
-gallop sound
, -indication of HF
-occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
S4 heart sounds ANS: -create vibrations
-can be heard right before S1 sound
-occurs at end of diastole when ventricles resist filling
murmurs ANS: -from turbulent blood flow
-heard directly over heart
-gentle blowing/swooshing sound
murmur loudness scale ANS: 1-3: no thrill
4: feel thrill
5-6: feel and hear thrill
5: hear thrill through stethoscope
6: can hear thrill without stethoscope
timing of murmur ANS: early, middle, late, systole/diastole (S1/S2)
murmur pitch ANS: high, medium, low
murmur pattern ANS: grows louder or softer
murmur quality ANS: musical, flowing, harsh
Myocardium ANS: heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and atrium
Atria are thinner as they need to pump less strong
pericardium ANS: external layer that protects heart from injury/infection
endocardium ANS: 3 layered membrane that lines heart chambers
blockage of coronary arteries can lead to ANS: heart attack or stroke
heart failure ANS: increased pressure of cardiac overload
-pulm congestion
-inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
Left sided heart failure ANS: dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
right sided heart failure ANS: blood back up in the periphery and will present with edema
cardiomegaly ANS: abnormal enlargement of the heart due to over working to compensate for
decreased function
frequency ANS: high pitched or low pitched
what should you use the diaphragm of a stethoscope for ANS: high pitched, normal sounds
what should you use the bell of a stethoscope for ANS: low pitched, abnormal heart sounds, murmurs
,intensity/loudness ANS: loud or soft
duration ANS: short heart sounds, or silent periods
timing ANS: systole or diastole
carotid artery/pulse ANS: found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is felt
what is the most diminished pulse in the aging adult ANS: pedal pulse
normal heart sounds ANS: S1 and S2
S1 heart sound ANS: -occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valve)
-"lub" sound
-loudest at apex (5th intercostal space at midclavicular line)
S2 heart sound ANS: -occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves)
-"dub" sound
-loudest at base of heart (2nd intercostal space)
abnormal heart sounds ANS: S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
S3 heart sounds ANS: -not usually heard
-gallop sound
, -indication of HF
-occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
S4 heart sounds ANS: -create vibrations
-can be heard right before S1 sound
-occurs at end of diastole when ventricles resist filling
murmurs ANS: -from turbulent blood flow
-heard directly over heart
-gentle blowing/swooshing sound
murmur loudness scale ANS: 1-3: no thrill
4: feel thrill
5-6: feel and hear thrill
5: hear thrill through stethoscope
6: can hear thrill without stethoscope
timing of murmur ANS: early, middle, late, systole/diastole (S1/S2)
murmur pitch ANS: high, medium, low
murmur pattern ANS: grows louder or softer
murmur quality ANS: musical, flowing, harsh
