TESTnjBANKnjEssentialsnjofnjHumannjDiseasesnjandnjConditionsnj7/EnjbynjMargaretnjFrazier
Chapternj01:njMechanismsnjofnjDisease,njDiagnosis,njandnjTreatment
FraziernjandnjFuqua:njEssentialsnjofnjHumannjDiseasesnjandnjConditions,nj7thnjEdition
MULTIPLEnjCHOICE
1. Signsnjofnjdisease
a. alwaysnjcausenjsymptoms.
b. rarelynjcorrelatenjwithnjsymptoms.
c. includenjabnormalnjobjectivenjfindings.
d. arenjalwaysnjdescribednjbynjthenjpatient.
ANS:n j C
Signs,njornjabnormalnjobjectivenjfindings,njarenjthenjevidencenjofnjdiseasenjfoundnjbynjphysicalnjex
aminationnjandnjdiagnosticnjtesting.njSignsnjofnjdiseasenjoftennjcorrelatenjwithnjthenjsymptoms.
REF:n j n j p.nj2 OBJ:n j n j 2
2. Predisposingnjfactorsnjofnjdisease
a. preciselynjpredictnjthenjoccurrencenjofnjdisease.
b. makenjanjpersonnjornjgroupnjmorenjvulnerablenjtonjdisease.
c. nevernjoverlapnjornjoccurnjinnjcombination.
d. cannjallnjbenjcontrollednjbynjprevention.
ANS:n j B
Anjpersonnjmaynjbenjsusceptiblenjtonjanjgreaternjornjlessernjdegree,njbecausenjofnjonenjornjmorenjriskn
jfactorsnjthatnjoverlapnjornjoccurnjinnjcombination.njPredisposingnjfactorsnjincludenjage,njgender,nj
lifestyle,njenvironment,njheredity,njandnjimmunodeficiency.
REF:n j n j p.nj2 OBJ:n j n j 3
3. Geneticnjdiseasesnjmaynjbe
a. producednjbynjannjabnormalitynjinnjornjmutationnjofnjthenjgeneticnjcodenjinnjanjsinglenjgene.
, b. causednjbynjseveralnjabnormalnjgenes.
c. causednjbynjthenjabnormalnjpresencenjornjabsencenjofnjanjchromosomenjornjannjalterati
onnjofnjthenjstructurenjofnjchromosomes.
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Geneticnjpredispositionnj(inheritance)njcurrentlynjisnjconsiderednjanjmajornjrisknjfactor.njHeredita
rynjfactorsnjinnjdiseasenjthatnjappearnjregularlynjinnjsuccessivenjgenerationsnjarenjlikelynjtonjaffectnj
malesnjandnjfemalesnjequally.njHereditarynjornjgeneticnjdiseasesnjoftennjdevelopnjasnjanjresultnjofnjt
henjcombinednjeffectsnjofnjinheritancenjandnjenvironmentalnjfactors.
REF:n j n j p.nj6 OBJ:n j n j 8
4. Whichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjofnjbenignnjtumors?
a. Tendnjtonjremainnjencapsulated
b. Infiltratenjsurroundingnjtissue
c. Donjnotnjcompressnjsurroundingnjtissuenjornjobstructnjorgans
d. Donjnotnjresemblenjthenjtissuenjofnjorigin
, ANS:n j A
Benignnjtumorsnjusuallynjdevelopnjslowlynjandnjcannjarisenjfromnjanynjtissue.njTheynjtendnjtonj
remainnjencapsulatednjandnjdonjnotnjinfiltratenjsurroundingnjtissue.
REF:n j n j p.nj7 OBJ:n j n j 7
5. Whichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjofnjmalignantnjtumors?
a. Tendnjtonjinfiltratenjothernjtissue.
b. Tendnjtonjbleed,njulcerate,njandnjbecomenjinfected.
c. Maynjspreadnjtonjdistantnjsitesnjinnjthenjbody.
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Malignantnjtumorsnjcannjrepresentnjanjseriousnjthreatnjtonjthenjhealthnjandnjlifenjofnjanjperson.njCanc
ernjcellsnjarenjvariablenjinnjappearancenjandnjdisorderlynj(anaplastic)njandnjtendnjtonjbleed,njulcerat
e,njandnjbecomenjinfected.njMalignantnjtumorsnjhavenjthenjabilitynjtonjinfiltratenjandnjinvadenjthenjs
urroundingnjtissue.
Oftennjmalignantnjcellsnjenternjthenjbloodstreamnjornjthenjlymphaticnjvesselsnjandnjspreadnjtonj
distantnjsitesnjinnjthenjbodynjleadingnjtonjtumornjgrowthnjinnjothernjareasnjofnjthenjbody.
REF:n j n j p.nj8 OBJ:n j n j 7
6. WhichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjregardingnjthenjTNMnj(tumor,njnodes,njmetastasis)njcancernjstagingnjsyste
m?
a. Assessesnjthenjsizenjandnjextentnjofnjthenjspreadnjofnjthenjprimarynjtumor.
b. Isnjanjgradingnjsystemnjbasednjonnjthenjdegreenjofnjdifferentiationnjofnjtumornjcells.
c. Bothnjanswernjoptionsnjarenjtrue.
d. Neithernjanswernjoptionsnjarenjtrue.
ANS:n j A
Althoughnjanjnumbernjofnjdifferentnjstagingnjsystemsnjexist,njthenjmajoritynjofnjcancersnjusenjanjT
NMnjsystem.njTNMnjstagingnjassessesnjthenjneoplasmnjinnjthreenjdifferentnjareas:njthenjsizenjornjex
tentnjofnjthenjprimarynjtumornj(T),njthenjextentnjofnjregionalnjlymphnjnodenjinvolvementnjbynjthenjtu
mornj(N),njandnjthenjnumbernjofnjdistantnjmetastasesnj(M).
REF:n j n j p.nj10 OBJ:n j n j 10
7. ThenjtumornjGleasonnjgradenjreflectsnjwhichnjinformationnjaboutnjthenjtumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreenjofnjabnormalnjmicroscopicnjappearancenjofnjthenjcells
c. Location
d. Nonenjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j B
ThenjGleasonnjgradenjcorrelatesnjwithnjextentnjofnjdiseasenjthroughoutnjthenjbodynjandnjwithnjprog
nosis.njAnalysisnjofnjprostatenjtumornjhistologynjisnjperformed,njandnjthenjtwonjpredominantnjpatt
ernsnjarenjrecordednjandnjscorednjfromnj1njtonj5nj(1njrepresentsnjanjwell-
differentiatednjhistology;nj5njisnjthenjmostnjpoorlynjdifferentiated).
REF:n j n j p.nj12 OBJ:n j n j 10
8. Whichnjstatementnjcorrectlynjstatesnjthenjsequencenjofnjannjallergicnjresponsenjwithinnjthenjbody?
a. ImmunoglobulinnjEnj(IgE)njantibodiesnjenternjthenjbodynjandnjproducenjannjallergen.
b. Thenjreleasenjofnjhistaminenjsensitizesnjmastnjcellsnjandnjproducesnjsymptoms.
, c. ExposurenjtonjallergennjstimulatesnjproductionnjofnjIgEnjantibodiesnjthatnjcannjsubsequ
entlynjtriggernjsymptomsnjofnjallergy.
d. Histaminenjproducesnjmastnjcells,njwhichnjstimulatenjplasmanjcells.
ANS:n j C
Initialnjexposurenjtonjannjallergen,njwhichnjactsnjasnjannjantigennj(anjsubstancenjthatnjcausesnjthenjallergic
njresponse),njstimulatesnjthenjproductionnjofnjIgEnjantibodies,njandnjthenjpersonnjthusnjisnjsensitized.
REF:n j n j p.nj14 OBJ:n j n j 14
9. Systemicnjmanifestation(s)njofnjseverenjallergicnjresponsesnjincludenjwhichnjproblem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusnjasthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Severenjsystemicnjmanifestationsnjofnjallergicnjresponsesnjincludenjanaphylaxis,njserumnjsickne
ss,njarthralgia,njandnjstatusnjasthmaticus.njFornjexample,njanaphylaxisnj(anaphylacticnjshock),njth
enjresultnjofnjanjseverenjsystemicnjallergicnjreaction,njcallsnjfornjemergencynjlife-
savingnjintervention.
REF:n j n j p.nj14 OBJ:n j n j 14
10. Whichnjordernjofnjstepsnjisnjmostnjaccuratenjwhennjmakingnjanjdiagnosis?
a. Medicalnjhistory,njphysicalnjexamination,njdiagnosticnjtests,njdiagnosis,njintegratio
nnjofnjresults,njtreatment
b. Medicalnjhistory,njdiagnosticnjtests,njphysicalnjexamination,njtreatmentnjplan
c. Physicalnjexamination,njmedicalnjhistory,njradiographs,njprognosis,njintegrationnjof
allnjinformation
nj
d. Comparisonnjofnjnormals,njphysicalnjexamination,njhistory,njtreatmentnjplan,njprognosis
ANS:n j A
Establishingnjanjdiagnosisnjisnjanjdecision-
makingnjprocessnjinnjwhichnjdatanjcollectednjfromnjthenjmedicalnjhistory,njphysicalnjexamination,
njandnjdiagnosticnjtestsnjarenjanalyzed,njintegrated,njandnjinterpreted.njAnjdiagnosisnjprovidesnjanjlo
gicalnjbasisnjfornjdeterminingnjtreatmentnjandnjprognosis.
REF:n j n j p.nj16 OBJ:n j n j 16
11. Mechanicalnjandnjchemicalnjbarriers,njthenjinflammatorynjresponse,njandnjthenjimmunenjresponsenjare
a. risknjfactorsnjfornjdisease.
b. thenjcombinednjeffectsnjofnjinheritancenjandnjenvironmentalnjfactors.
c. includednjinnjthenjbody’snjnaturalnjdefensenjsystemnjagainstnjinfection.
d. agentsnjthatnjdamagenjdeoxyribonucleicnjacid.
ANS:n j C
Thenjbody’snjnaturalnjdefensenjsystemsnjagainstnjinfectionnjincludenj(1)njnaturalnjmechanicalnjandn
jchemicalnjbarriers,njsuchnjasnjskin,njthenjcilia,njbodynjpH,njandnjnormalnjbodynjflora;nj(2)njthenjinfl
ammatorynjresponse;njandnj(3)njthenjimmunenjresponse.
REF:n j n j p.nj3 OBJ:n j n j 4
Chapternj01:njMechanismsnjofnjDisease,njDiagnosis,njandnjTreatment
FraziernjandnjFuqua:njEssentialsnjofnjHumannjDiseasesnjandnjConditions,nj7thnjEdition
MULTIPLEnjCHOICE
1. Signsnjofnjdisease
a. alwaysnjcausenjsymptoms.
b. rarelynjcorrelatenjwithnjsymptoms.
c. includenjabnormalnjobjectivenjfindings.
d. arenjalwaysnjdescribednjbynjthenjpatient.
ANS:n j C
Signs,njornjabnormalnjobjectivenjfindings,njarenjthenjevidencenjofnjdiseasenjfoundnjbynjphysicalnjex
aminationnjandnjdiagnosticnjtesting.njSignsnjofnjdiseasenjoftennjcorrelatenjwithnjthenjsymptoms.
REF:n j n j p.nj2 OBJ:n j n j 2
2. Predisposingnjfactorsnjofnjdisease
a. preciselynjpredictnjthenjoccurrencenjofnjdisease.
b. makenjanjpersonnjornjgroupnjmorenjvulnerablenjtonjdisease.
c. nevernjoverlapnjornjoccurnjinnjcombination.
d. cannjallnjbenjcontrollednjbynjprevention.
ANS:n j B
Anjpersonnjmaynjbenjsusceptiblenjtonjanjgreaternjornjlessernjdegree,njbecausenjofnjonenjornjmorenjriskn
jfactorsnjthatnjoverlapnjornjoccurnjinnjcombination.njPredisposingnjfactorsnjincludenjage,njgender,nj
lifestyle,njenvironment,njheredity,njandnjimmunodeficiency.
REF:n j n j p.nj2 OBJ:n j n j 3
3. Geneticnjdiseasesnjmaynjbe
a. producednjbynjannjabnormalitynjinnjornjmutationnjofnjthenjgeneticnjcodenjinnjanjsinglenjgene.
, b. causednjbynjseveralnjabnormalnjgenes.
c. causednjbynjthenjabnormalnjpresencenjornjabsencenjofnjanjchromosomenjornjannjalterati
onnjofnjthenjstructurenjofnjchromosomes.
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Geneticnjpredispositionnj(inheritance)njcurrentlynjisnjconsiderednjanjmajornjrisknjfactor.njHeredita
rynjfactorsnjinnjdiseasenjthatnjappearnjregularlynjinnjsuccessivenjgenerationsnjarenjlikelynjtonjaffectnj
malesnjandnjfemalesnjequally.njHereditarynjornjgeneticnjdiseasesnjoftennjdevelopnjasnjanjresultnjofnjt
henjcombinednjeffectsnjofnjinheritancenjandnjenvironmentalnjfactors.
REF:n j n j p.nj6 OBJ:n j n j 8
4. Whichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjofnjbenignnjtumors?
a. Tendnjtonjremainnjencapsulated
b. Infiltratenjsurroundingnjtissue
c. Donjnotnjcompressnjsurroundingnjtissuenjornjobstructnjorgans
d. Donjnotnjresemblenjthenjtissuenjofnjorigin
, ANS:n j A
Benignnjtumorsnjusuallynjdevelopnjslowlynjandnjcannjarisenjfromnjanynjtissue.njTheynjtendnjtonj
remainnjencapsulatednjandnjdonjnotnjinfiltratenjsurroundingnjtissue.
REF:n j n j p.nj7 OBJ:n j n j 7
5. Whichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjofnjmalignantnjtumors?
a. Tendnjtonjinfiltratenjothernjtissue.
b. Tendnjtonjbleed,njulcerate,njandnjbecomenjinfected.
c. Maynjspreadnjtonjdistantnjsitesnjinnjthenjbody.
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Malignantnjtumorsnjcannjrepresentnjanjseriousnjthreatnjtonjthenjhealthnjandnjlifenjofnjanjperson.njCanc
ernjcellsnjarenjvariablenjinnjappearancenjandnjdisorderlynj(anaplastic)njandnjtendnjtonjbleed,njulcerat
e,njandnjbecomenjinfected.njMalignantnjtumorsnjhavenjthenjabilitynjtonjinfiltratenjandnjinvadenjthenjs
urroundingnjtissue.
Oftennjmalignantnjcellsnjenternjthenjbloodstreamnjornjthenjlymphaticnjvesselsnjandnjspreadnjtonj
distantnjsitesnjinnjthenjbodynjleadingnjtonjtumornjgrowthnjinnjothernjareasnjofnjthenjbody.
REF:n j n j p.nj8 OBJ:n j n j 7
6. WhichnjstatementnjisnjtruenjregardingnjthenjTNMnj(tumor,njnodes,njmetastasis)njcancernjstagingnjsyste
m?
a. Assessesnjthenjsizenjandnjextentnjofnjthenjspreadnjofnjthenjprimarynjtumor.
b. Isnjanjgradingnjsystemnjbasednjonnjthenjdegreenjofnjdifferentiationnjofnjtumornjcells.
c. Bothnjanswernjoptionsnjarenjtrue.
d. Neithernjanswernjoptionsnjarenjtrue.
ANS:n j A
Althoughnjanjnumbernjofnjdifferentnjstagingnjsystemsnjexist,njthenjmajoritynjofnjcancersnjusenjanjT
NMnjsystem.njTNMnjstagingnjassessesnjthenjneoplasmnjinnjthreenjdifferentnjareas:njthenjsizenjornjex
tentnjofnjthenjprimarynjtumornj(T),njthenjextentnjofnjregionalnjlymphnjnodenjinvolvementnjbynjthenjtu
mornj(N),njandnjthenjnumbernjofnjdistantnjmetastasesnj(M).
REF:n j n j p.nj10 OBJ:n j n j 10
7. ThenjtumornjGleasonnjgradenjreflectsnjwhichnjinformationnjaboutnjthenjtumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreenjofnjabnormalnjmicroscopicnjappearancenjofnjthenjcells
c. Location
d. Nonenjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j B
ThenjGleasonnjgradenjcorrelatesnjwithnjextentnjofnjdiseasenjthroughoutnjthenjbodynjandnjwithnjprog
nosis.njAnalysisnjofnjprostatenjtumornjhistologynjisnjperformed,njandnjthenjtwonjpredominantnjpatt
ernsnjarenjrecordednjandnjscorednjfromnj1njtonj5nj(1njrepresentsnjanjwell-
differentiatednjhistology;nj5njisnjthenjmostnjpoorlynjdifferentiated).
REF:n j n j p.nj12 OBJ:n j n j 10
8. Whichnjstatementnjcorrectlynjstatesnjthenjsequencenjofnjannjallergicnjresponsenjwithinnjthenjbody?
a. ImmunoglobulinnjEnj(IgE)njantibodiesnjenternjthenjbodynjandnjproducenjannjallergen.
b. Thenjreleasenjofnjhistaminenjsensitizesnjmastnjcellsnjandnjproducesnjsymptoms.
, c. ExposurenjtonjallergennjstimulatesnjproductionnjofnjIgEnjantibodiesnjthatnjcannjsubsequ
entlynjtriggernjsymptomsnjofnjallergy.
d. Histaminenjproducesnjmastnjcells,njwhichnjstimulatenjplasmanjcells.
ANS:n j C
Initialnjexposurenjtonjannjallergen,njwhichnjactsnjasnjannjantigennj(anjsubstancenjthatnjcausesnjthenjallergic
njresponse),njstimulatesnjthenjproductionnjofnjIgEnjantibodies,njandnjthenjpersonnjthusnjisnjsensitized.
REF:n j n j p.nj14 OBJ:n j n j 14
9. Systemicnjmanifestation(s)njofnjseverenjallergicnjresponsesnjincludenjwhichnjproblem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusnjasthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allnjofnjthenjanswernjoptions
ANS:n j D
Severenjsystemicnjmanifestationsnjofnjallergicnjresponsesnjincludenjanaphylaxis,njserumnjsickne
ss,njarthralgia,njandnjstatusnjasthmaticus.njFornjexample,njanaphylaxisnj(anaphylacticnjshock),njth
enjresultnjofnjanjseverenjsystemicnjallergicnjreaction,njcallsnjfornjemergencynjlife-
savingnjintervention.
REF:n j n j p.nj14 OBJ:n j n j 14
10. Whichnjordernjofnjstepsnjisnjmostnjaccuratenjwhennjmakingnjanjdiagnosis?
a. Medicalnjhistory,njphysicalnjexamination,njdiagnosticnjtests,njdiagnosis,njintegratio
nnjofnjresults,njtreatment
b. Medicalnjhistory,njdiagnosticnjtests,njphysicalnjexamination,njtreatmentnjplan
c. Physicalnjexamination,njmedicalnjhistory,njradiographs,njprognosis,njintegrationnjof
allnjinformation
nj
d. Comparisonnjofnjnormals,njphysicalnjexamination,njhistory,njtreatmentnjplan,njprognosis
ANS:n j A
Establishingnjanjdiagnosisnjisnjanjdecision-
makingnjprocessnjinnjwhichnjdatanjcollectednjfromnjthenjmedicalnjhistory,njphysicalnjexamination,
njandnjdiagnosticnjtestsnjarenjanalyzed,njintegrated,njandnjinterpreted.njAnjdiagnosisnjprovidesnjanjlo
gicalnjbasisnjfornjdeterminingnjtreatmentnjandnjprognosis.
REF:n j n j p.nj16 OBJ:n j n j 16
11. Mechanicalnjandnjchemicalnjbarriers,njthenjinflammatorynjresponse,njandnjthenjimmunenjresponsenjare
a. risknjfactorsnjfornjdisease.
b. thenjcombinednjeffectsnjofnjinheritancenjandnjenvironmentalnjfactors.
c. includednjinnjthenjbody’snjnaturalnjdefensenjsystemnjagainstnjinfection.
d. agentsnjthatnjdamagenjdeoxyribonucleicnjacid.
ANS:n j C
Thenjbody’snjnaturalnjdefensenjsystemsnjagainstnjinfectionnjincludenj(1)njnaturalnjmechanicalnjandn
jchemicalnjbarriers,njsuchnjasnjskin,njthenjcilia,njbodynjpH,njandnjnormalnjbodynjflora;nj(2)njthenjinfl
ammatorynjresponse;njandnj(3)njthenjimmunenjresponse.
REF:n j n j p.nj3 OBJ:n j n j 4
