NSG 322 Chapter 32 Hypertension Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version
2025-2026
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for primary hypertension (select all that apply)?
a. Age
b. Obesity
c. Gender
d. Genetic link
e. Ethnicity - Answers a,c,d,e
Hypertension progresses with increasing age. It
is more prevalent in men up to age 45 and above the age of 64 in women. African Americans
have a higher incidence of hypertension than do white Americans. Children and siblings of
patients with hypertension should be screened and taught about healthy lifestyles.
How is secondary hypertension differentiated from primary hypertension?
a. Has a more gradual onset than primary hypertension
b. Does not cause the target organ damage that occurs with primary hypertension
c. Has a specific cause, such as renal disease, that often can be treated by medicine or surgery
d. Is caused by age-related changes in BP regulatory mechanisms in people over 65 years of
age - Answers c
Secondary hypertension has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to
primary or essential hypertension,which has no single known cause.
What is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report?
a. No symptoms
b. Dyspnea on exertion
c. Cardiac palpitations
d. Dizziness and vertigo - Answers a.
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the
"silent killer."
What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?
, a. Increased fluid pressure exerted against organ tissue
b. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs
c. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels from constant pressure
d. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces -
Answers b
The patient who is being admitted has had a history of uncontrolled hypertension. High SVR is
most likely to cause
damage to which organ?
a. Brain
b. Retina
c. Heart
d. Kidney - Answers c.
The increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of hypertension directly increases the
workload of the heart and heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump effectively
against the increased resistance.
A 42-year-old man has been diagnosed with primary hypertension with an average BP of 162/92
mm Hg on three
consecutive clinic visits. What are four priority lifestyle modifications that should be explored in
the initial treatment
of the patient?
a.
b.
c.
d. - Answers a. Dietary modifications to restrict sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fat; maintain
intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; and promote weight reduction if overweight
b. Daily moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week
c. Cessation of smoking (if a smoker)
d. Moderation or cessation of alcohol intake; usually medications and monitor BP at home.
2025-2026
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for primary hypertension (select all that apply)?
a. Age
b. Obesity
c. Gender
d. Genetic link
e. Ethnicity - Answers a,c,d,e
Hypertension progresses with increasing age. It
is more prevalent in men up to age 45 and above the age of 64 in women. African Americans
have a higher incidence of hypertension than do white Americans. Children and siblings of
patients with hypertension should be screened and taught about healthy lifestyles.
How is secondary hypertension differentiated from primary hypertension?
a. Has a more gradual onset than primary hypertension
b. Does not cause the target organ damage that occurs with primary hypertension
c. Has a specific cause, such as renal disease, that often can be treated by medicine or surgery
d. Is caused by age-related changes in BP regulatory mechanisms in people over 65 years of
age - Answers c
Secondary hypertension has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to
primary or essential hypertension,which has no single known cause.
What is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report?
a. No symptoms
b. Dyspnea on exertion
c. Cardiac palpitations
d. Dizziness and vertigo - Answers a.
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the
"silent killer."
What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?
, a. Increased fluid pressure exerted against organ tissue
b. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs
c. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels from constant pressure
d. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces -
Answers b
The patient who is being admitted has had a history of uncontrolled hypertension. High SVR is
most likely to cause
damage to which organ?
a. Brain
b. Retina
c. Heart
d. Kidney - Answers c.
The increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of hypertension directly increases the
workload of the heart and heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump effectively
against the increased resistance.
A 42-year-old man has been diagnosed with primary hypertension with an average BP of 162/92
mm Hg on three
consecutive clinic visits. What are four priority lifestyle modifications that should be explored in
the initial treatment
of the patient?
a.
b.
c.
d. - Answers a. Dietary modifications to restrict sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fat; maintain
intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; and promote weight reduction if overweight
b. Daily moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week
c. Cessation of smoking (if a smoker)
d. Moderation or cessation of alcohol intake; usually medications and monitor BP at home.
