N322 CNS drugs part 1 Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
Analgesic drugs
What are the analgesic receptors? - Answers - Mu
- Kappa
- Delta
Analgesic drugs
What is the gate theory of pain transmission? - Answers Tissue injury ---> release of bradykin,
histamine, potassium, prostaglandins and serotonin ---> initates nerve impulses via nociceptors
---> dorsal horn of spinal cord (gates) ---> CNS ---> Pain
Analgesic drugs
What are analgesic drugs? - Answers - Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of
conciousness
Analgesic drugs
What are the types of Analgesic drugs? - Answers - Opioid analgesics
- Opioid antagonists
- Nonopioid analgestics
Analgesic drugs
What are the classifications of opioid analgesics - AKA narcotics? - Answers - Agonists
- Agonists-Antagonists
-Antagoniss (nonanalgesic)
Analgesic drugs
,What is equianalgesia? - Answers - Provides a chart thats equivalent pain relief by calculating
doses of different drugs or routes of administration that provide comparable analgesia
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonists
Mechanism of action (what do they do?) - Answers - Bind to an opioid pain receptor in the brain
to cause an analgesic response (reduction of pain sensation)
- Suppresses cough center
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Indications
What are these types of drugs used for? - Answers - Strong opioids such as fentanyl are used in
combination with anesthetics during surgery
- Cough suppression (codeine)
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Drugs
What are the types of drugs under this class? - Answers - Fentanyl: transdermal, PO, IV
- Hydromorphone: (dilandid) IV
- Meperidine hydrochloride (dermerol): PO, injection
- Methadone (dolophine): PO
- Morphine sulfate (mscontin is SR): IV, PO
- Codeine sulfate (PO)
- Oxycodone (Oxycontin is SR, OxyIR, percocet): PO
- Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Norco): PO
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Contraindication
When shouldn't you use these types of drugs? - Answers - Severe asthema
- Respiratory insufficiency
Analgesic drugs - Adverse / side effects (Opioid Agonists)
, What are some unexpected effects of these types of drugs? - Answers - Reverse transcript (R/T)
effects inareas of the body other than the CNS
- Slowed peristalsis: constipation, N/V
- Histamine release: pruritus, flushing, orthostatic hypotension
- CNS depression: Respiratory depression, sedation
Analgesic drugs - Interactions (Opioid Agonists)
What are some other drugs that analgesic drugs interact with? - Answers - Other CNS
Depressants: Alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, MAOIs
Analgesic drugs - Nursing implications (Opioid Agonists)
What are things the nurse should look for when a patient is on Analgesic drugs? - Answers -
Physical dependence
- Pain assessment
- Vital signs: RR
- Avoid activites that requires mental alertness
- Safety measures
- Take oral forms with food
- Adequate fluid and fiber intake
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonist-Antagonist (partal agonist)
What is the mechanism of action (what they do) in the body? - Answers - Mu receptor
antagonists and Kappa receptor agonists
- Binds to a pain receptor and causes a weaker pain response than a full agonist and lower
depenence potiential
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonist-Antagonist - Indications
Analgesic drugs
What are the analgesic receptors? - Answers - Mu
- Kappa
- Delta
Analgesic drugs
What is the gate theory of pain transmission? - Answers Tissue injury ---> release of bradykin,
histamine, potassium, prostaglandins and serotonin ---> initates nerve impulses via nociceptors
---> dorsal horn of spinal cord (gates) ---> CNS ---> Pain
Analgesic drugs
What are analgesic drugs? - Answers - Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of
conciousness
Analgesic drugs
What are the types of Analgesic drugs? - Answers - Opioid analgesics
- Opioid antagonists
- Nonopioid analgestics
Analgesic drugs
What are the classifications of opioid analgesics - AKA narcotics? - Answers - Agonists
- Agonists-Antagonists
-Antagoniss (nonanalgesic)
Analgesic drugs
,What is equianalgesia? - Answers - Provides a chart thats equivalent pain relief by calculating
doses of different drugs or routes of administration that provide comparable analgesia
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonists
Mechanism of action (what do they do?) - Answers - Bind to an opioid pain receptor in the brain
to cause an analgesic response (reduction of pain sensation)
- Suppresses cough center
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Indications
What are these types of drugs used for? - Answers - Strong opioids such as fentanyl are used in
combination with anesthetics during surgery
- Cough suppression (codeine)
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Drugs
What are the types of drugs under this class? - Answers - Fentanyl: transdermal, PO, IV
- Hydromorphone: (dilandid) IV
- Meperidine hydrochloride (dermerol): PO, injection
- Methadone (dolophine): PO
- Morphine sulfate (mscontin is SR): IV, PO
- Codeine sulfate (PO)
- Oxycodone (Oxycontin is SR, OxyIR, percocet): PO
- Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Norco): PO
Analgesic drugs - (Opioid Agonists) Contraindication
When shouldn't you use these types of drugs? - Answers - Severe asthema
- Respiratory insufficiency
Analgesic drugs - Adverse / side effects (Opioid Agonists)
, What are some unexpected effects of these types of drugs? - Answers - Reverse transcript (R/T)
effects inareas of the body other than the CNS
- Slowed peristalsis: constipation, N/V
- Histamine release: pruritus, flushing, orthostatic hypotension
- CNS depression: Respiratory depression, sedation
Analgesic drugs - Interactions (Opioid Agonists)
What are some other drugs that analgesic drugs interact with? - Answers - Other CNS
Depressants: Alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, MAOIs
Analgesic drugs - Nursing implications (Opioid Agonists)
What are things the nurse should look for when a patient is on Analgesic drugs? - Answers -
Physical dependence
- Pain assessment
- Vital signs: RR
- Avoid activites that requires mental alertness
- Safety measures
- Take oral forms with food
- Adequate fluid and fiber intake
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonist-Antagonist (partal agonist)
What is the mechanism of action (what they do) in the body? - Answers - Mu receptor
antagonists and Kappa receptor agonists
- Binds to a pain receptor and causes a weaker pain response than a full agonist and lower
depenence potiential
Analgesic drugs - Opioid Agonist-Antagonist - Indications
