N322 - Mental Health - Quiz 2 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
Lstress - Answers a process with physical, behavioral and cognitive components in response to
an individual's perception of the physical, environmental, and psychosocial demands placed on
the individual
eustress - Answers •normal/positive/beneficial stress
•motivates people to develop the skills needed to solve problems and meet personal goals
distress - Answers •damaging/negative stress
•causes problems both emotionally and physically
•long term stress can cause physiological harm and more chronic emotional difficulties
stressor - Answers •anything that triggers stress
•real or perceived
psychological stressor - Answers •anxiety
•guilt
•joy
physical stressor - Answers •environment (loud noise)
•extreme heat or cold
psychosocial stressor - Answers •triggered by threat to self-esteem
•lack of acceptance in a group
•low social status
•feeling disrespected or stigmatized
stress operationally - Answers •increased anxiety
->
•relief behavior
- defense mechanisms
- individual coping responses
- spiritual / cultural supports
,- social support network
->
•effective mediation
- decreased anxiety
- return to usual coping style
•ineffective mediation
- increased anxiety (prolonged, overwhelming)
- physical or psychological distress/illness or even anger or violence toward self or others
the autonomic nervous system stress response - Answers •fight or flight response
- survival mechanism by which our body and mind become immediately ready to meet a threat
or stress
stress signaling system - Answers threat (real or perceived) appears imminent!
-> brain, particularly the amygdala (emotional processing center), sends distress signal to
hypothalamus (command and control center of stressful signals)
-> hypothalamus responds to stress by engaging the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (relaxation response)
-> in times of stress, the sympathetic nervous system assumes control (fight-or-flight response)
and sends signals to the adrenal glands
-> adrenal glands release epinephrine (or adrenaline)
-> increases HR, BP, blood flow to the skeletal muscles, and muscle tension; respirations also
increase, bringing more oxygen to the lungs, which is then sent to the brain, increasing alertness
-> pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-> ACTH then travels to the adrenal glands, stimulating release of cortisol
-> cortisol is the primary stress hormone, which helps to supply cells with amino acids and fatty
acids for energy, as well as diverts glucose from muscles or use by the brain to maintain
vigilance
-> alertness heightened
what are the outcomes of the stress signaling system? - Answers *as the threat passes, the
parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (helps maintain homeostasis and
, relaxation) takes over
- cortisol levels drop as the body returns to a more normal and healthier state that allows
individuals to function as they did before the threat
*however, when stress is prolonged or people are not able to relax, they remain in chronic low
levels of stress
- the body stays alert for a prolonged period of time
- sustained increase in the chemicals produced by the stress response (cortisol, adrenaline, and
other catecholamines) can have damaging effects on the body, causing physical diseases
including a substantial negative effect on the immune system, leaving individuals vulnerable to
autoimmune diseases
what hormones are secreted by sympathetic nervous system? - Answers •adrenal medulla
secretes stress hormones
- ex: epinephrine
•stress hormones travel via bloodstream to organs
- ex: heart, intestines
sympathetic nervous system stress response - Answers •smooth muscles or glands activate
- ex: pupils dilate
•fight or flight
general adaption syndrome (GAS): 3 stages of reaction to stress - Answers •body's natural
ability to protect us from harm
•longterm stress can cause illness and lead to death
1. alarm stage (fight, flight, or freeze) -> elevated levels of
- hormone levels
- blood volume
- blood glucose
- epinephrine/norepinephrine
- heart rate
Lstress - Answers a process with physical, behavioral and cognitive components in response to
an individual's perception of the physical, environmental, and psychosocial demands placed on
the individual
eustress - Answers •normal/positive/beneficial stress
•motivates people to develop the skills needed to solve problems and meet personal goals
distress - Answers •damaging/negative stress
•causes problems both emotionally and physically
•long term stress can cause physiological harm and more chronic emotional difficulties
stressor - Answers •anything that triggers stress
•real or perceived
psychological stressor - Answers •anxiety
•guilt
•joy
physical stressor - Answers •environment (loud noise)
•extreme heat or cold
psychosocial stressor - Answers •triggered by threat to self-esteem
•lack of acceptance in a group
•low social status
•feeling disrespected or stigmatized
stress operationally - Answers •increased anxiety
->
•relief behavior
- defense mechanisms
- individual coping responses
- spiritual / cultural supports
,- social support network
->
•effective mediation
- decreased anxiety
- return to usual coping style
•ineffective mediation
- increased anxiety (prolonged, overwhelming)
- physical or psychological distress/illness or even anger or violence toward self or others
the autonomic nervous system stress response - Answers •fight or flight response
- survival mechanism by which our body and mind become immediately ready to meet a threat
or stress
stress signaling system - Answers threat (real or perceived) appears imminent!
-> brain, particularly the amygdala (emotional processing center), sends distress signal to
hypothalamus (command and control center of stressful signals)
-> hypothalamus responds to stress by engaging the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (relaxation response)
-> in times of stress, the sympathetic nervous system assumes control (fight-or-flight response)
and sends signals to the adrenal glands
-> adrenal glands release epinephrine (or adrenaline)
-> increases HR, BP, blood flow to the skeletal muscles, and muscle tension; respirations also
increase, bringing more oxygen to the lungs, which is then sent to the brain, increasing alertness
-> pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-> ACTH then travels to the adrenal glands, stimulating release of cortisol
-> cortisol is the primary stress hormone, which helps to supply cells with amino acids and fatty
acids for energy, as well as diverts glucose from muscles or use by the brain to maintain
vigilance
-> alertness heightened
what are the outcomes of the stress signaling system? - Answers *as the threat passes, the
parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (helps maintain homeostasis and
, relaxation) takes over
- cortisol levels drop as the body returns to a more normal and healthier state that allows
individuals to function as they did before the threat
*however, when stress is prolonged or people are not able to relax, they remain in chronic low
levels of stress
- the body stays alert for a prolonged period of time
- sustained increase in the chemicals produced by the stress response (cortisol, adrenaline, and
other catecholamines) can have damaging effects on the body, causing physical diseases
including a substantial negative effect on the immune system, leaving individuals vulnerable to
autoimmune diseases
what hormones are secreted by sympathetic nervous system? - Answers •adrenal medulla
secretes stress hormones
- ex: epinephrine
•stress hormones travel via bloodstream to organs
- ex: heart, intestines
sympathetic nervous system stress response - Answers •smooth muscles or glands activate
- ex: pupils dilate
•fight or flight
general adaption syndrome (GAS): 3 stages of reaction to stress - Answers •body's natural
ability to protect us from harm
•longterm stress can cause illness and lead to death
1. alarm stage (fight, flight, or freeze) -> elevated levels of
- hormone levels
- blood volume
- blood glucose
- epinephrine/norepinephrine
- heart rate
