1
ATI TEAS 7 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Tissues
Categories of Tissues
o Epithelial: Cells are tightly joined. Ex. Skin
o Connective: May be dense, loose, or fatty. Protects and binds body parts. Ex. Bone tissue,
cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and lymph.
o Cartilage: Cushions & provides structural support for body parts. Jelly like base and
fibrous.
o Blood: Blood transports oxygen to cells and removes wastes. Carries hormones and
defends against diseases.
o Bone: Hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues & organs. Marrow produces
red blood cells.
o Muscle: Helps support and move the body.
1. Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
o Nervous: Located inside the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons form network
through the body that control responses to changes in the external and internal
environment. Some send signals to muscles and glands to trigger responses.
Organs
Mammals 11 organ systems
1) Integumentary system
,2
2) Respiratory system
3) Cardiovascular system
,3
4) Endocrine system
5) Nervous system
6) Immune system
7) Digestive system
8) Excretory system
9) Muscular system
10) Skeletal system
11)Reproductive
system
Three Primary Body Planes
o Transverse (horizontal): Superior and inferior
o Sagittal plane: Right and left sections.
, 4
o Coronal (frontal): Front & Back {anterior & posterior}
Terms of direction
o Medial: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
o Lateral: away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
o Proximal: closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
o Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
o Anterior: toward or at the front of the body; in front of
o Posterior: Toward or at the back of the body; behind
o Cephalad=Head, Cranial=skull
o Caudad=towards the tail or posterior
o Superior: toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
o Inferior: away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Cell
Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes
(phospholipids).
Cell structure organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize proteins. Consists of nucleic
acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together
o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together
ATI TEAS 7 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Tissues
Categories of Tissues
o Epithelial: Cells are tightly joined. Ex. Skin
o Connective: May be dense, loose, or fatty. Protects and binds body parts. Ex. Bone tissue,
cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and lymph.
o Cartilage: Cushions & provides structural support for body parts. Jelly like base and
fibrous.
o Blood: Blood transports oxygen to cells and removes wastes. Carries hormones and
defends against diseases.
o Bone: Hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues & organs. Marrow produces
red blood cells.
o Muscle: Helps support and move the body.
1. Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
o Nervous: Located inside the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons form network
through the body that control responses to changes in the external and internal
environment. Some send signals to muscles and glands to trigger responses.
Organs
Mammals 11 organ systems
1) Integumentary system
,2
2) Respiratory system
3) Cardiovascular system
,3
4) Endocrine system
5) Nervous system
6) Immune system
7) Digestive system
8) Excretory system
9) Muscular system
10) Skeletal system
11)Reproductive
system
Three Primary Body Planes
o Transverse (horizontal): Superior and inferior
o Sagittal plane: Right and left sections.
, 4
o Coronal (frontal): Front & Back {anterior & posterior}
Terms of direction
o Medial: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
o Lateral: away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
o Proximal: closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
o Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
o Anterior: toward or at the front of the body; in front of
o Posterior: Toward or at the back of the body; behind
o Cephalad=Head, Cranial=skull
o Caudad=towards the tail or posterior
o Superior: toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
o Inferior: away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Cell
Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes
(phospholipids).
Cell structure organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize proteins. Consists of nucleic
acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together
o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together
