FMC final exam |137 Questions and Answers
Where PPE whenever there is possible exposure to - -blood
-What is the #1 infection control pratice? - -hand washing
-Anything that can puncture is considered a - -sharp
-Broken glass should be picked up with - -a broom and dust pan
-Hepatitis B is - -blood borne
-Which patients are dialyzed in the isolation room? - -HBsAG+ patients
-Which patients should be dialyzed in a separate area and with dedicated equipment (but
not in iso)? - -patients with a drug resistant infection
-what are examples of drug resistant infections? - -MRSA, VRE, VRSA
-Patients with active TB cannot be dialyzed in which type of setting? - -outpatient facilities
-Why can't active TB patients be dialyzed in the outpatient setting? - -They require a
negative pressure
-If staff suspects an exposure to HIV, what must they do? - -follow post exposure protocol;
receive prophylaxis within 2 hours
-What makes up the Urinary System? - -2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, a urethra
-The kidneys produce - -urine
-How is urine transported? - -by the ureters to the bladder to be stored/excreted from the
urethra
-What are the functional units of the kidney? - -nephrons
-What are nephrons composed of? - -glomerulus and tubules
-What is the glomerulus? - -tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's
capsule
-Which artery does the blood enter through? - -renal artery
-How do kidneys maintain good health? - -filter fluid, wastes, and electrolytes
, -What is the antidiuretic hormone? - -it effects the healthy kidney by reducing the
excretion of urine
-What are the 4 functions of the kidneys? - -Regulation
Excretion
Endocrine
Filtration
-Describe regulation - -maintain acid/base balance
-Describe excretion - -removal of waste products and excess fluid
-Describe endocrine - -production of hormones
-Describe filtration - -retain the good, filter out the bad
-What is the build up of waste products and excess fluid/electrolytes in the blood? - -
uremia
-High potassium levels is called - -hypokalemia
-what does hypokalemia cause - -muscle weakness and cardiac arythmias
-the balance of electrolytes is called - -homeostasis
-Which hormone constricts blood vessels, resulting in increasing BP? - -renin
-Which hormone signals bone marrow to produce RBC's? - -erythropoieten
-Lack of erythropoieten is the reason why ESRD patients are - -anemic
-The kidneys convert the storage form of Vitamin D to its active form called - -calcitrol
-Why is calcitrol needed? - -it absorbs calcium from the gut
-What cannot be replaced by dialysis? - -hormone replacement
-Renal failure can either be - -acute or chronic
-What is acute renal failure? - -sudden onset, generally reversible
-what is chronic renal failure? - -gradual process, irreversible
-What is the #1 cause of CRF? - -diabetes
-what is the #2 cause of CRF? - -Hypertension
Where PPE whenever there is possible exposure to - -blood
-What is the #1 infection control pratice? - -hand washing
-Anything that can puncture is considered a - -sharp
-Broken glass should be picked up with - -a broom and dust pan
-Hepatitis B is - -blood borne
-Which patients are dialyzed in the isolation room? - -HBsAG+ patients
-Which patients should be dialyzed in a separate area and with dedicated equipment (but
not in iso)? - -patients with a drug resistant infection
-what are examples of drug resistant infections? - -MRSA, VRE, VRSA
-Patients with active TB cannot be dialyzed in which type of setting? - -outpatient facilities
-Why can't active TB patients be dialyzed in the outpatient setting? - -They require a
negative pressure
-If staff suspects an exposure to HIV, what must they do? - -follow post exposure protocol;
receive prophylaxis within 2 hours
-What makes up the Urinary System? - -2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, a urethra
-The kidneys produce - -urine
-How is urine transported? - -by the ureters to the bladder to be stored/excreted from the
urethra
-What are the functional units of the kidney? - -nephrons
-What are nephrons composed of? - -glomerulus and tubules
-What is the glomerulus? - -tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's
capsule
-Which artery does the blood enter through? - -renal artery
-How do kidneys maintain good health? - -filter fluid, wastes, and electrolytes
, -What is the antidiuretic hormone? - -it effects the healthy kidney by reducing the
excretion of urine
-What are the 4 functions of the kidneys? - -Regulation
Excretion
Endocrine
Filtration
-Describe regulation - -maintain acid/base balance
-Describe excretion - -removal of waste products and excess fluid
-Describe endocrine - -production of hormones
-Describe filtration - -retain the good, filter out the bad
-What is the build up of waste products and excess fluid/electrolytes in the blood? - -
uremia
-High potassium levels is called - -hypokalemia
-what does hypokalemia cause - -muscle weakness and cardiac arythmias
-the balance of electrolytes is called - -homeostasis
-Which hormone constricts blood vessels, resulting in increasing BP? - -renin
-Which hormone signals bone marrow to produce RBC's? - -erythropoieten
-Lack of erythropoieten is the reason why ESRD patients are - -anemic
-The kidneys convert the storage form of Vitamin D to its active form called - -calcitrol
-Why is calcitrol needed? - -it absorbs calcium from the gut
-What cannot be replaced by dialysis? - -hormone replacement
-Renal failure can either be - -acute or chronic
-What is acute renal failure? - -sudden onset, generally reversible
-what is chronic renal failure? - -gradual process, irreversible
-What is the #1 cause of CRF? - -diabetes
-what is the #2 cause of CRF? - -Hypertension
