Biology 20: Motor System Complete Exam Study Questions Well Defined Answers.

cardiac muscle - correct answer Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. *1 nucleus, branched, tubular, striated* smooth muscle - correct answer involuntary muscle found in lining of organs (stomach, esophagus, uterus, blood vessel walls) *long and tapered, 1 nucleus, arranged in parallel lines, forming sheets, used in peristalsis & giving birth* skeletal muscle - correct answer voluntary muscles that make the bones of the skeleton move. Muscles attached to bones with tendons *tubular, striated, many nuclei* antagonistic muscles - correct answer muscle pairs arranged to work against each other to move a joint flexor - correct answer muscle that contracts the joint extensor - correct answer muscle that straightens the joint muscles chart - correct answer muscle, muscle fibre bundle, muscle fibre, myofibril, myofilament, sarcomere, myosin & actin muscle contraction - correct answer when the sarcomere shortens and the Z-lines move closer together rigor mortis - correct answer in the absence of ATP, the bridge between actin and myosin will not separate. This means that the muscle fails to move creatine phosphate - correct answer compound found in muscle cells that releases a phosphate to ADP and helps regenerate ATP in muscles Summation - correct answer if stimulation happens before full relaxation, we get an increased muscle contraction Tetanus - correct answer when we have sustained nerve impulses, we will get constant muscle contraction slow twitch fibre - correct answer when the fibres produce their energy aerobically; they tire only when their fuel supply is gone *long distance runner* fast twitch fibre - correct answer when the fibres produce energy anaerobically; they will tire easily as we cannot maintain anaerobic respiration for very long *sprinter* muscular dystrophy - correct answer group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness Botulism - correct answer Clostridium botulinum (paralysis) cramps - correct answer painful muscle spasms contracture - correct answer abnormal muscle shortening Fibromyalgia - correct answer chronic muscular pain and tenderness crush syndrome - correct answer a shock-like state following the massive crushing of muscles (high fever, heart irregularities) delayed onset muscle soreness - correct answer pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after strenuous exercise myositis - correct answer muscle inflammation and weakness resulting from infection or an autoimmune disease