Page 1 of 27
ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
2025-2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED) A+ GRADE
Terms in this set (160) Q & A
>> 3 major phases of cell division:
-answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
>> 3 steps of interphase:
-answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
>> 4 phases of mitosis:
-answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
>> Innate immunity:
-answer- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
, Page 2 of 27
>> Adaptive immunity:
-answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
>> Define mutations
-answer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
>> 3 main goals of treatment:
-answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
>> Define neoadjuvant therapy
-answer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
>> Define adjuvant therapy
-answer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
the cancer reoccur
>> Define conditioning/preparative therapy
-answer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
>> 2 types of conditioning therapies:
-answer- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
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>> Define dose density
-answer- Drug dose per unit of time
>> Define dose intensity
-answer- Amount of drug delivered over time
>> How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
-answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of
the standard regimen
>> How do alkylating agents work?
-answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and
causing cell death
>> 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
-answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
>> Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:
-answer- Nitrogen mustards
>> Common alkylating agents:
-answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
2025-2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED) A+ GRADE
Terms in this set (160) Q & A
>> 3 major phases of cell division:
-answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
>> 3 steps of interphase:
-answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
>> 4 phases of mitosis:
-answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
>> Innate immunity:
-answer- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
, Page 2 of 27
>> Adaptive immunity:
-answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
>> Define mutations
-answer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
>> 3 main goals of treatment:
-answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
>> Define neoadjuvant therapy
-answer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
>> Define adjuvant therapy
-answer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
the cancer reoccur
>> Define conditioning/preparative therapy
-answer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
>> 2 types of conditioning therapies:
-answer- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
, Page 3 of 27
>> Define dose density
-answer- Drug dose per unit of time
>> Define dose intensity
-answer- Amount of drug delivered over time
>> How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
-answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of
the standard regimen
>> How do alkylating agents work?
-answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and
causing cell death
>> 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
-answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
>> Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:
-answer- Nitrogen mustards
>> Common alkylating agents:
-answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
