Bio 20 Lecture Exam #1 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers With Rationales.

Epithelial Tissue - correct answer covers and lines the surfaces and cavities of the body specialized forms cause secretion (glands) NO ECM connective tissue - correct answer Connect all tissues to one another bind, support, protect, and allow for transportation of substances ECM is prominent muscle tissue - correct answer generate force through contraction Little ECM between cells nervous tissue - correct answer generates, sends, and receives messages have a unique ECM extracellular matrix (ECM) - correct answer substances that surround cells of tissue 2 parts: ground substance and protein fibers Functions of ECM - correct answer -tensile strength & compressive force -direct cells to proper positions and hold cells in place -regulates development, mitotic activity, and survival of cells ground substance - correct answer makes up most of ECM -is an extracellular fluid -3 macromolecules: GAGs, proteoglycans, CAMs protein fibers - correct answer embedded ground substance; composed of multiple fibrous subunits provide tensile strength collagen fibers - correct answer 20-25% of all proteins in body form white fibrous proteins resistant to tension and pressure elastic fibers - correct answer composed of elastin allow fibers to stretch up from resting length without breaking give fibers elasticity and recoiling ability reticular fibers - correct answer thin, short collagen fibers form a meshwork or scaffold that supports cells and ground substance of many tissues form a weblike structure in organs like spleen that help trap foreign cells tight junctions - correct answer hold cells closely together; space between cells is impermeable to the movement of macromolecules leakage can still occur in some tissues ex: between cells in blood vessels desmosomes - correct answer linking integral proteins that allow for material in extracellular fluid to pass through between cells increase the strength of tissues by distributing mechanical stress ex: epithelia of skin gap junctions - correct answer small pores formed by protein channels of adjacent cells allow SMALL substances to flow freely between cells ex: cells that communicate w/ electrical signals (neurons, cardiac muscle cells) function of epithelial tissue - correct answer -protection -immune defenses -secretion -transport into other tissues -sensation what links cells of epithelial tissues? - correct answer tight junctions and desmosomes Is epithelial tissue vascularized? - correct answer no basal lamina - correct answer ECM synthesized by epithelial cells consists of collagen fibers and ground substance reticular lamina - correct answer synthesized by underlying connective tissue consists of reticular fibers and ground substance simple epithelia - correct answer single layer of cells stratified epithelia - correct answer more than one layer of cells simple squamous epithelium - correct answer very thin single layer of cells used for rapid diffusion of substances/gases LOCATIONS: air sacs of lung, kidney tubules, lining of blood vessels simple cuboidal epithelium - correct answer single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei used for rapid substance diffusion and absorption/secretion LOCATIONS: renal tubules, respiratory passages, ducts of glands, thyroid simple columnar epithelium - correct answer single layer of rectangular cells used for absorption/secretion LOCATIONS: small intestine and uterine tubes pseudostratified columnar epithelium - correct answer appears layered because nuclei are at various heights but are only a single layer secretes mucus LOCATIONS: respiratory tract, nasal cavity keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer -Apical cellular layers are dead -lack nuclei -filled with protein keratin -makes tissue tough and resistant to friction; prevents water loss through skin -LOCATION: epidermis nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer apical cellular layers retain nuclei -still alive -found in regions subjected to mechanical stress where surface must remain moist -LOCATIONS:mouth, throat, esophagus, anus, and vagina stratified cuboidal epithelium - correct answer rare tissue found in ducts of sweat glands stratified columnar epithelium - correct answer rare in humans found in male urethra, cornea of eye, ducts of salivary glands transitional epithelium - correct answer ONLY IN URINARY SYSTEM -lines kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra endocrine gland - correct answer Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream WITHOUT ducts exocrine glands - correct answer release products onto apical surfaces (external surface of body) secreted using ducts connective tissue functions - correct answer -connecting and binding -support -protection -transport connective tissue proper - correct answer widely distributed -connects tissues and organs to one another fibroblasts - correct answer most common resident cell -mature cells with properties of immature "blast' cell -make protein fibers and ground substance -produce collagen adipocytes - correct answer fat cells mast cell - correct answer immune system cells that mediate inflammation phagocytes - correct answer immune system cells that ingest foreign substances by phagocytosis ex: macorphages and neutrophils