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1. The "turtle shell" technique is an example of a successful intervention that helps preschoole
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rs cope with what? a. the sense of isolation b. feelings of embarrassment c. bullying from peer
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s d. their own anger - ANSWER-d. their own anger
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2. What is meta-analysis?
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a. The reproduction of a past study in order to confirm or debunk the
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results
b. A philosophical exploration of an experiment or case study
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c. A method for combining and analyzing the results from several
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independent studies B
d. A list of all published articles related to a specific area of research - ANSWER-
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c. A method for combining and analyzing the results from several
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independent studies B
3. Studies have shown that children's testimony is usually accurate when which of the followin
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g conditions are met?
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a. The interviewer does not ask leading questions.
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b. One of the child's parents is present.
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c. The child and the interviewer are alone when the testimony is given. d. The child is repeated
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ly prompted during the interview. - ANSWER-
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a. The interviewer does not ask leading questions.
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4. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposed that development is strongly influenced b
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y biological drives. In contrast, John Watson's behaviorist theory proposed that development i
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s determined by what?
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a. temperament
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b. rewards and punishments c. genetic factors
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d. innate mechanisms - ANSWER-b. rewards and punishments c. genetic factors
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,5. According to developmentalists, which of the following is true?
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a. Development is most heavily influenced by nature.
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b. Development is most heavily influenced by nurture.
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c. Development is influenced by the joint workings of nature and nurture. d. Nature and nurtu
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re are essentially the same. - ANSWER-
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c. Development is influenced by the joint workings of nature and nurture.
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6. The concept of the "active child" refers to _________________. a. observations of children
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at play
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b. whether an infant sleeps through the night
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c. the importance of physical activity to child development
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d. how children contribute to their own development - ANSWER-
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d. how children contribute to their own development
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7. In recent decades, researchers have come to the conclusion that, after infancy, most develo
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pmental changes occur _________________.
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a. gradually b. suddenly c. discontinuously d. externally - ANSWER-a. gradually
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8. In the context of mechanisms of developmental change, the study of the development of "e
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ffortful attention" provides insights into:
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a. continuous versus discontinuous development.
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b. the role of brain activity, genes, and learning experiences. c. the complexity of the child's so
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ciocultural environment. B
d. the role of the researcher in judging the validity of a study. - ANSWER-
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b. the role of brain activity, genes, and learning experiences. c. the complexity of the child's so
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ciocultural environment. B
9. The physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances that make up a child's
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environment are known as the _________________.
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a. developmental foundation b. sociocultural context
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, c. developmental stage
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d. socioeconomic status - ANSWER-b. sociocultural context
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10. The first basic step in using the scientific method involves: a. developing a research plan.
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b. choosing a question.
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c. formulating a hypothesis.
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d. drawing a conclusion. - ANSWER-b. choosing a question.
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11. In order to generalize her findings beyond the individuals who participated in her study, Dr.
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Liu needs to conduct additional research using participants from a variety of backgrounds. W
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hat quality of behavioral research is Dr. Liu addressing?
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a. interrater reliability b. internal validity
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c. test-retest reliability d. external validity - ANSWER-d. external validity
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12. The experience that children in an experimental group receive that children in a control gr
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oup do not receive is referred to as the _________________.
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a. dependent variable b. independent variable c. random assignment d. correlational design -
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ANSWER-b. independent variable
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13. A team of researchers is studying whether there are stable individual differences in sleepin
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g behavior at various ages. They decide to test 3- month-olds, 6-month-olds, and 9-month-
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olds. What type of design are they using to examine this question?
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a. longitudinal
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b. cross-sectional
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c. naturalistic observation d. microgenetic - ANSWER-b. cross-sectional
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14. Which type of design is used to study developmental change as it is occurring by observing
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participants numerous times over a relatively short span of time?
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a. longitudinal
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b. cross-sectional
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