,TABLE OF CONTENTS
43 43
1.43Introduction43to43Radiation43Protection
2.43Radiation:43Types,43Sources,43and43Doses43Received
3.43Interaction43of43X-Radiation43with43Matter
4.43Radiation43Quantities43and43Units
5.43Radiation43Monitoring
6.43Overview43of43Cell43Biology
7.43Molecular43and43Cellular43Radiation43Biology
8.43Early43Tissue43Reactions43and43Their43Effects43on43Organ43Systems
9.43Stochastic43Effects43and43Late43Tissue43Reactions43of43Radiation43in43Organ43Systems
10.43Equipment43Design43for43Radiation43Protection
11.43Management43of43Patient43Radiation43Dose43During43Diagnostic43X-Ray43Procedures
12.43Radiation43Safety43in43Computed43Tomography43and43Mammography
13.43Management43of43Imaging43Personnel43Radiation43Dose43During43Diagnostic43X-Ray43Procedures
14.43Radioisotopes43and43Radiation43Protection
,Chapter4301:43Introduction43to43Radiation43Protection
Sherer:43Radiation43Protection43in43Medical43Radiography,439th43Edition
MULTIPLE43 CHOICE
1. Consequences43of43ionization43in43human43cells43include
1. creation43of43unstable43atoms.
2. production43of43free43electrons.
3. creation43of43highly43reactive43free43radicals43capable43of43producing43substances43po
isonous43to43the43cell.
4. creation43of43new43biologic43molecules43detrimental43to43the43living43cell.
5. injury43to43the43cell43that43may43manifest43itself43as43abnormal43function43or43loss43of43funct
n.
a. 1,432,43and43343only
b. 2,433,43and43443only
c. 3,434,43and43543only
d.4 3 1,432,433,434,43and435
ANSWER:4 3 D
2. Which43of43the43following43is43a43form43of43radiation43that43is43capable43of43creating43e
lectrically43charged43particles43by43removing43orbital43electrons43from43the43atom43of43n
ormal43matter43through43which43it43passes?
a. Ionizing43radiation
b. Nonionizing43radiation
c. Subatomic43radiation
d. Ultrasonic43radiation
ANSWER:4 3 A
3. Regarding43exposure43to43ionizing43radiation,43patients43who43are43educated43to43underst
and43the43medical43benefit43of43an43imaging43procedure43are43more43likely43to
a. assume43a43small43chance43of43biologic43damage43but43not43suppress43any43r
adiation43phobia43they43may43have.
b. cancel43their43scheduled43procedure43because43they43are43not43willing43to43
assume43a43small43chance43of43biologic43damage.
c. suppress43any43radiation43phobia43but43not43risk43a43small43chance43of43p
ossible43biologic43damage.
d. suppress43any43radiation43phobia43and43be43willing43to43assume43a43small43ch
ance43of43possible43biologic43damage.
ANSWER:4 3 D
4. The43millisievert43(mSv)43is43equal43to
a. 1/1043of43a43sievert.
b. 1/10043of43a43sievert.
c. 1/100043of43a43sievert.
d. 1/10,00043of43a43sievert.
ANSWER:4 3 C
, Radiation43Protection43in43Medical43Radiography438th43Edition43Sherer43
Test43Bank
5. The43advantages43of43the43BERT43method43are
1. it43does43not43imply43radiation43risk;43it43is43simply43a43means43for43comparison.
2. it43emphasizes43that43radiation43is43an43innate43part43of43our43environment.
3. it43provides43an43answer43that43is43easy43for43the43patient43to43comprehend.
a. 143and43243only
b. 143and43343only
c. 243and43343only
d. 1,432,43and433
ANSWER:4 3 D
6. If43a43patient43asks43a43radiographer43a43question43about43how43much43radiation43he4
3or43she43will43receive43from43a43specific43x-ray43procedure,43the43radiographer43can
a. respond43by43using43an43estimation43based43on43the43comparison43of43radiatio
n43received43from43the43x-ray43to43natural43background43radiation43received.
b. avoid43the43patient’s43question43by43changing43the43subject.
c. tell43the43patient43that43it43is43unethical43to43discuss43such43concerns.
d. refuse43to43answer43the43question43and43recommend43that43he43or43sh
e43speak43with43the43referring43physician.
ANSWER:4 3 A
7. Why43should43the43selection43of43technical43exposure43factors43for43all43medical43imaging43proc
ures
always43follow43ALARA? So43that43radiographers43and43radiologists43do43n
3have43to43a
a.43So43that43referring43physicians43ordering43imaging43procedures43do43not43have43to
43accept43responsibility43for43patient43radiation43safety.
b.
patient43radiation43safety.
c. Because43radiation-
induced43cancer43does43not43appear43to43have43a43dose43level43below43wh
ich43individuals43would43have43no43chance43of43developing43this43disease.
d. Because43radiation-
induced43cancer43does43have43a43dose43level43at43which43individuals43woul
d43have43a43chance43of43developing43this43disease.
ANSWER:4 3 C
8. The43cardinal43principles43of43radiation43protection43include43which43of43the43following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 143only
b. 243only
c. 343only
d. 1,432,43and433
ANSWER:4 3 D
9. In43a43hospital43setting,43which43of43the43following43professionals43is43expressly43charged4
3by43the43hospital43administration43with43being43directly43responsible43for43the43execution
,43enforcement,43and43maintenance43of43the43ALARA43program?
a. Assistant43administrator43of43the43facility
b. Chief43of43staff
43 43
1.43Introduction43to43Radiation43Protection
2.43Radiation:43Types,43Sources,43and43Doses43Received
3.43Interaction43of43X-Radiation43with43Matter
4.43Radiation43Quantities43and43Units
5.43Radiation43Monitoring
6.43Overview43of43Cell43Biology
7.43Molecular43and43Cellular43Radiation43Biology
8.43Early43Tissue43Reactions43and43Their43Effects43on43Organ43Systems
9.43Stochastic43Effects43and43Late43Tissue43Reactions43of43Radiation43in43Organ43Systems
10.43Equipment43Design43for43Radiation43Protection
11.43Management43of43Patient43Radiation43Dose43During43Diagnostic43X-Ray43Procedures
12.43Radiation43Safety43in43Computed43Tomography43and43Mammography
13.43Management43of43Imaging43Personnel43Radiation43Dose43During43Diagnostic43X-Ray43Procedures
14.43Radioisotopes43and43Radiation43Protection
,Chapter4301:43Introduction43to43Radiation43Protection
Sherer:43Radiation43Protection43in43Medical43Radiography,439th43Edition
MULTIPLE43 CHOICE
1. Consequences43of43ionization43in43human43cells43include
1. creation43of43unstable43atoms.
2. production43of43free43electrons.
3. creation43of43highly43reactive43free43radicals43capable43of43producing43substances43po
isonous43to43the43cell.
4. creation43of43new43biologic43molecules43detrimental43to43the43living43cell.
5. injury43to43the43cell43that43may43manifest43itself43as43abnormal43function43or43loss43of43funct
n.
a. 1,432,43and43343only
b. 2,433,43and43443only
c. 3,434,43and43543only
d.4 3 1,432,433,434,43and435
ANSWER:4 3 D
2. Which43of43the43following43is43a43form43of43radiation43that43is43capable43of43creating43e
lectrically43charged43particles43by43removing43orbital43electrons43from43the43atom43of43n
ormal43matter43through43which43it43passes?
a. Ionizing43radiation
b. Nonionizing43radiation
c. Subatomic43radiation
d. Ultrasonic43radiation
ANSWER:4 3 A
3. Regarding43exposure43to43ionizing43radiation,43patients43who43are43educated43to43underst
and43the43medical43benefit43of43an43imaging43procedure43are43more43likely43to
a. assume43a43small43chance43of43biologic43damage43but43not43suppress43any43r
adiation43phobia43they43may43have.
b. cancel43their43scheduled43procedure43because43they43are43not43willing43to43
assume43a43small43chance43of43biologic43damage.
c. suppress43any43radiation43phobia43but43not43risk43a43small43chance43of43p
ossible43biologic43damage.
d. suppress43any43radiation43phobia43and43be43willing43to43assume43a43small43ch
ance43of43possible43biologic43damage.
ANSWER:4 3 D
4. The43millisievert43(mSv)43is43equal43to
a. 1/1043of43a43sievert.
b. 1/10043of43a43sievert.
c. 1/100043of43a43sievert.
d. 1/10,00043of43a43sievert.
ANSWER:4 3 C
, Radiation43Protection43in43Medical43Radiography438th43Edition43Sherer43
Test43Bank
5. The43advantages43of43the43BERT43method43are
1. it43does43not43imply43radiation43risk;43it43is43simply43a43means43for43comparison.
2. it43emphasizes43that43radiation43is43an43innate43part43of43our43environment.
3. it43provides43an43answer43that43is43easy43for43the43patient43to43comprehend.
a. 143and43243only
b. 143and43343only
c. 243and43343only
d. 1,432,43and433
ANSWER:4 3 D
6. If43a43patient43asks43a43radiographer43a43question43about43how43much43radiation43he4
3or43she43will43receive43from43a43specific43x-ray43procedure,43the43radiographer43can
a. respond43by43using43an43estimation43based43on43the43comparison43of43radiatio
n43received43from43the43x-ray43to43natural43background43radiation43received.
b. avoid43the43patient’s43question43by43changing43the43subject.
c. tell43the43patient43that43it43is43unethical43to43discuss43such43concerns.
d. refuse43to43answer43the43question43and43recommend43that43he43or43sh
e43speak43with43the43referring43physician.
ANSWER:4 3 A
7. Why43should43the43selection43of43technical43exposure43factors43for43all43medical43imaging43proc
ures
always43follow43ALARA? So43that43radiographers43and43radiologists43do43n
3have43to43a
a.43So43that43referring43physicians43ordering43imaging43procedures43do43not43have43to
43accept43responsibility43for43patient43radiation43safety.
b.
patient43radiation43safety.
c. Because43radiation-
induced43cancer43does43not43appear43to43have43a43dose43level43below43wh
ich43individuals43would43have43no43chance43of43developing43this43disease.
d. Because43radiation-
induced43cancer43does43have43a43dose43level43at43which43individuals43woul
d43have43a43chance43of43developing43this43disease.
ANSWER:4 3 C
8. The43cardinal43principles43of43radiation43protection43include43which43of43the43following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 143only
b. 243only
c. 343only
d. 1,432,43and433
ANSWER:4 3 D
9. In43a43hospital43setting,43which43of43the43following43professionals43is43expressly43charged4
3by43the43hospital43administration43with43being43directly43responsible43for43the43execution
,43enforcement,43and43maintenance43of43the43ALARA43program?
a. Assistant43administrator43of43the43facility
b. Chief43of43staff
