,Contents
ix
Chapter 1
ix Introduction to Biochemistry ix ix 1
Chapter 2
ix Water 10
Chapter 3
ix Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix 27
Chapter 4
ix Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function
ix ix ix ix 46
Chapter 5
ix Properties of Enzymes ix ix 65
Chapter 6
ix Mechanisms of Enzymes ix ix 85
Chapter 7
ix Coenzymes and Vitamins ix ix 104
Chapter 8
ix Carbohydrates 119
Chapter 9
ix Lipids and Membranes
ix ix 137
Chapter 10
ix Introduction to Metabolism ix ix 153
Chapter 11
ix Glycolysis 169
Chapter 12
ix Gluconeogenesis, The Pentose Phosphate Pathway, ix ix ix ix
and Glycogen Metabolism
ix ix 185
Chapter 13
ix The Citric Acid Cycle
ix ix ix 199
Chapter 14
ix Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
ix ix ix ix 213
Chapter 15
ix Photosynthesis 227
Chapter 16
ix Lipid Metabolism
ix 241
Chapter 17
ix Amino Acid Metabolism
ix ix 256
Chapter 18
ix Nucleotide Metabolism ix 269
Chapter 19
ix Nucleic Acids ix 284
Chapter 20
ix DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
ix ix ix ix 300
Chapter 21
ix Transcription and RNA Processing ix ix ix 315
Chapter 22
ix Protein Synthesis ix 330
Chapter 23
ix Recombinant DNA Technology ix ix 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
ix ix ix
1) Which elements account for more than 97% of the weight of most organisms?
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
A) C, H, N, Mg, O,ix ix ix ix i x S
B) C, H, N, O, P, S
ix ix ix ix ix
C) C, H, N ix ix
D) Fe, C, H, O, P ix ix ix ix
E) Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- ix ix ix ix
Answer: B i x
Page Ref: Section 2
ix ix ix
2) Proteins in biological membranes may be
ix ix ix i x ix
A) porous.
B) attached to the membrane surface. ix ix ix ix
C) span the membrane. ix ix
D) All of the above ix ix ix
E) B and C only
ix ix ix
Answer: D i x
Page Ref: Section 3
ix ix ix
3) Which statement about cellulose is false?
ix ix ix ix ix
A) It is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) Its monomers are joined by glycosidic bonds.
ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) It is present in the stems of flowering plants.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) The hydroxyl groups of neighboring cellulose molecules interact to form strong, insoluble
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
fibers.
ix
E) It is a branched polymer of glucose.
ix ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: E i x
Page Ref: Section 3
ix ix ix
1
, 4) When Keq of a reaction = 1, then
ix
ix
ix ix ix ix ix
A) the forward reaction is faster than the reverse reaction.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) the reverse reaction is faster than the forward reaction.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) the forward and reverse reaction rate constants are equal.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) more products are formed than reactants.
ix ix ix ix ix
E) fewer products are formed than reactants.
ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: C i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
5) Which statement is true about a reaction with an equilibrium constant, Keq, equal to 1000?
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
A) The forward rate constant is 1000 times greater than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) The forward rate constant is 3 times greater than reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) The forward rate constant is 1000 times smaller than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) The forward rate constant is 3 times smaller than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
E) There is not enough information given to compare the forward and reverse rate constants.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: A i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
6) The study of the energy changes during metabolic reactions is called
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biological heat dynamics ix ix
Answer: D i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
7) A spontaneous chemical reaction always has a
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix change.
A) positive Gibbʹs free energy ix ix ix
B) negative Gibbʹs free energy ix ix ix
C) positive enthalpy ix
D) negative enthalpy ix
E) positive entropy ix
Answer: B i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
2
ix
Chapter 1
ix Introduction to Biochemistry ix ix 1
Chapter 2
ix Water 10
Chapter 3
ix Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix 27
Chapter 4
ix Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function
ix ix ix ix 46
Chapter 5
ix Properties of Enzymes ix ix 65
Chapter 6
ix Mechanisms of Enzymes ix ix 85
Chapter 7
ix Coenzymes and Vitamins ix ix 104
Chapter 8
ix Carbohydrates 119
Chapter 9
ix Lipids and Membranes
ix ix 137
Chapter 10
ix Introduction to Metabolism ix ix 153
Chapter 11
ix Glycolysis 169
Chapter 12
ix Gluconeogenesis, The Pentose Phosphate Pathway, ix ix ix ix
and Glycogen Metabolism
ix ix 185
Chapter 13
ix The Citric Acid Cycle
ix ix ix 199
Chapter 14
ix Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
ix ix ix ix 213
Chapter 15
ix Photosynthesis 227
Chapter 16
ix Lipid Metabolism
ix 241
Chapter 17
ix Amino Acid Metabolism
ix ix 256
Chapter 18
ix Nucleotide Metabolism ix 269
Chapter 19
ix Nucleic Acids ix 284
Chapter 20
ix DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
ix ix ix ix 300
Chapter 21
ix Transcription and RNA Processing ix ix ix 315
Chapter 22
ix Protein Synthesis ix 330
Chapter 23
ix Recombinant DNA Technology ix ix 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
ix ix ix
1) Which elements account for more than 97% of the weight of most organisms?
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
A) C, H, N, Mg, O,ix ix ix ix i x S
B) C, H, N, O, P, S
ix ix ix ix ix
C) C, H, N ix ix
D) Fe, C, H, O, P ix ix ix ix
E) Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- ix ix ix ix
Answer: B i x
Page Ref: Section 2
ix ix ix
2) Proteins in biological membranes may be
ix ix ix i x ix
A) porous.
B) attached to the membrane surface. ix ix ix ix
C) span the membrane. ix ix
D) All of the above ix ix ix
E) B and C only
ix ix ix
Answer: D i x
Page Ref: Section 3
ix ix ix
3) Which statement about cellulose is false?
ix ix ix ix ix
A) It is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) Its monomers are joined by glycosidic bonds.
ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) It is present in the stems of flowering plants.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) The hydroxyl groups of neighboring cellulose molecules interact to form strong, insoluble
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
fibers.
ix
E) It is a branched polymer of glucose.
ix ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: E i x
Page Ref: Section 3
ix ix ix
1
, 4) When Keq of a reaction = 1, then
ix
ix
ix ix ix ix ix
A) the forward reaction is faster than the reverse reaction.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) the reverse reaction is faster than the forward reaction.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) the forward and reverse reaction rate constants are equal.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) more products are formed than reactants.
ix ix ix ix ix
E) fewer products are formed than reactants.
ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: C i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
5) Which statement is true about a reaction with an equilibrium constant, Keq, equal to 1000?
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
A) The forward rate constant is 1000 times greater than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
B) The forward rate constant is 3 times greater than reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
C) The forward rate constant is 1000 times smaller than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
D) The forward rate constant is 3 times smaller than the reverse rate constant.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
E) There is not enough information given to compare the forward and reverse rate constants.
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix
Answer: A i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
6) The study of the energy changes during metabolic reactions is called
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biological heat dynamics ix ix
Answer: D i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
7) A spontaneous chemical reaction always has a
ix ix ix ix ix ix ix ix change.
A) positive Gibbʹs free energy ix ix ix
B) negative Gibbʹs free energy ix ix ix
C) positive enthalpy ix
D) negative enthalpy ix
E) positive entropy ix
Answer: B i x
Page Ref: Section 4
ix ix ix
2
