NYU- Patho- Week 10- Digestive
system disorders; urinary system
disorders Exam Questions and Actual
Answers 2025 Updated.
4 organs comprising the urinary system - Answer two kidneys, urethra, bladder, two ureters
4 functions of the Urinary system - Answer 1. regulation of body fluid volume and composition
2. Elimination of metabolic wastes
3. Synthesis, release and /or activation of hormones (erythropoietin- red blood cell production,
renin, vitamin D)
4. regulation of blood pressure
What are kidneys mainly composed of - Answer nephrons
5 components of the nephron - Answer 1. glomerulus
2. proximal tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal tubule
5. Collecting
percent of filtrate that is reabsorbed after being filtered by the nephrons - Answer 99%
percent of filtrate that is excreted in the urine - Answer 1%
What percentage of blood flow do the kidneys recieve - Answer 20-25%
Circulation path of the blood through the renal sytem - Answer 1. renal arteries
2. afferent arterioles
3. glomerular capillaries
4. efferent arterioles
, 2. ADH release in the posterior pituitary
3. glucocorticoids (glucose elevating) and mineralocorticoids (sodium retaining) secreted by the
adrenal cortex
how does ADH cause retention of water - Answer it acts on the renal distal and collecting
tubules making them more permeable to water, cause water reabsorption.
Where is ADH synthesized and then released from? - Answer 1. synthesized int he
hypothalamus
2. released in the posterior pituitary
another term for ADH - Answer vasopressin
Describe the RAAS process (Renin, angiotensin, Aldosterone, System) - Answer 1. decreased
renal perfusion/decreased sodium
2. kidneys release renin in plasma
3. release of angiotensinogen in the liver
4. converted into angiotensin 1
5. ACE released in the lungs converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
6. angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
7. angiotensin 2 stimulates release of aldosterone which causes water and sodium retention
and potassium secretion.
2 body states that stimulate the RAAS system? - Answer 1. hypotension
2.hypovolemia
average amount of urine excreted per day in adults - Answer 2-2.5 L
how is urine transported from the kidneys to the bladder? - Answer peristalsis in the ureters
what happens when the bladder is full? - Answer 1. stretch receptors are activated
2. signal stimulates contraction of detrusor skeletal muscle via parasympathetic cholinergic
motor fibers
system disorders; urinary system
disorders Exam Questions and Actual
Answers 2025 Updated.
4 organs comprising the urinary system - Answer two kidneys, urethra, bladder, two ureters
4 functions of the Urinary system - Answer 1. regulation of body fluid volume and composition
2. Elimination of metabolic wastes
3. Synthesis, release and /or activation of hormones (erythropoietin- red blood cell production,
renin, vitamin D)
4. regulation of blood pressure
What are kidneys mainly composed of - Answer nephrons
5 components of the nephron - Answer 1. glomerulus
2. proximal tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal tubule
5. Collecting
percent of filtrate that is reabsorbed after being filtered by the nephrons - Answer 99%
percent of filtrate that is excreted in the urine - Answer 1%
What percentage of blood flow do the kidneys recieve - Answer 20-25%
Circulation path of the blood through the renal sytem - Answer 1. renal arteries
2. afferent arterioles
3. glomerular capillaries
4. efferent arterioles
, 2. ADH release in the posterior pituitary
3. glucocorticoids (glucose elevating) and mineralocorticoids (sodium retaining) secreted by the
adrenal cortex
how does ADH cause retention of water - Answer it acts on the renal distal and collecting
tubules making them more permeable to water, cause water reabsorption.
Where is ADH synthesized and then released from? - Answer 1. synthesized int he
hypothalamus
2. released in the posterior pituitary
another term for ADH - Answer vasopressin
Describe the RAAS process (Renin, angiotensin, Aldosterone, System) - Answer 1. decreased
renal perfusion/decreased sodium
2. kidneys release renin in plasma
3. release of angiotensinogen in the liver
4. converted into angiotensin 1
5. ACE released in the lungs converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
6. angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
7. angiotensin 2 stimulates release of aldosterone which causes water and sodium retention
and potassium secretion.
2 body states that stimulate the RAAS system? - Answer 1. hypotension
2.hypovolemia
average amount of urine excreted per day in adults - Answer 2-2.5 L
how is urine transported from the kidneys to the bladder? - Answer peristalsis in the ureters
what happens when the bladder is full? - Answer 1. stretch receptors are activated
2. signal stimulates contraction of detrusor skeletal muscle via parasympathetic cholinergic
motor fibers
