CAM II – Urology Exam Questions With Complete
Solutions
>1.5 mL
normal sperm volume
>39% motile
normal sperm motility
>3% normal
normal sperm morphology
elevated FSH & LH, low testosterone
lab abnormalities seen in primary hypogonadism
low FSH, LH, testosterone
lab abnormalities seen in secondary hypogonadism
cystitis
MC bacterial infection, more common in women, increased risk
with age in men (due to BPH), typically caused by GN bacteria;
RFs: foley catheter, sexual activity, estrogen deficiency, DM,
instrumentation, pregnancy; presentation: dysuria, frequency,
gross hematuria, urgency
nitrates, leukocytes
positive on urine dipstick in cystitis
Bactrim, Macrobid
,antibiotics of choice for cystitis
epididymitis
inflammation of epididymis; RFs: unprotected intercourse, foley
catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, recent cystoscopic
procedures (especially TURP), hematogenous spread,
amiodarone use; presentation: tender hemiscrotum, swollen
epididymis, warm/erythematous scrotum, reactive hydrocele,
heavy/dull ache radiating to ipsilateral flank, Prehn sign
prehn sign
elevation of scrotum improves pain from epididymitis, worsens
pain in torsion
Bactrim or FQ
abx treatment for epididymitis and orchitis
fournier's gangrene
necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and male genitalia, usually
polymicrobial; presentation: pain, swelling, crepitus, ecchymosis
fluids, Imipenem/Meropenem, surgery
treatment for fournier's gangrene
orchitis
inflammation of a testicle; most commonly a complication from
epididymitis, can be caused by mumps (4-7 days after parotid
symptoms); presentation: swollen/tender testicle, erythematous
scrotal skin, malaise, HA, myalgias, fever
urethritis
, inflammation of the urethra, usually associated with sexual
activity; symptoms: pain, urethral burning during urination,
urethral discharge
ceftriaxone 250 mg IM plus 10 days doxycycline 100 mg PO
QID
treatment for urethritis (assuming STI cause)
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis; MC due to inadequate hygiene in
uncircumcised men; RFs: DM, trauma, obesity, edematous
conditions; associated dermatologic conditions, Reiter
syndrome, fixed drug eruption; presentation: pain, tenderness,
pruritus, erythema, curd-like or purulent exudate, edema
hygiene, hydrocortisone cream, antifungal cream
treatments for balanitis
stress incontinence
leakage of urine upon coughing, sneezing, or standing
urge incontinence
urgency and inability to delay urination -- due to detrusor
overactivity or decreased bladder compliance
overflow incontinence
common in older men due to bladder outlet
obstruction, cystoceles in women, detrusor underactivity
delirium, infection, pharmaceuticals, psychological factors,
excessive urinary output, restricted mobility, stool impaction
Solutions
>1.5 mL
normal sperm volume
>39% motile
normal sperm motility
>3% normal
normal sperm morphology
elevated FSH & LH, low testosterone
lab abnormalities seen in primary hypogonadism
low FSH, LH, testosterone
lab abnormalities seen in secondary hypogonadism
cystitis
MC bacterial infection, more common in women, increased risk
with age in men (due to BPH), typically caused by GN bacteria;
RFs: foley catheter, sexual activity, estrogen deficiency, DM,
instrumentation, pregnancy; presentation: dysuria, frequency,
gross hematuria, urgency
nitrates, leukocytes
positive on urine dipstick in cystitis
Bactrim, Macrobid
,antibiotics of choice for cystitis
epididymitis
inflammation of epididymis; RFs: unprotected intercourse, foley
catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, recent cystoscopic
procedures (especially TURP), hematogenous spread,
amiodarone use; presentation: tender hemiscrotum, swollen
epididymis, warm/erythematous scrotum, reactive hydrocele,
heavy/dull ache radiating to ipsilateral flank, Prehn sign
prehn sign
elevation of scrotum improves pain from epididymitis, worsens
pain in torsion
Bactrim or FQ
abx treatment for epididymitis and orchitis
fournier's gangrene
necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and male genitalia, usually
polymicrobial; presentation: pain, swelling, crepitus, ecchymosis
fluids, Imipenem/Meropenem, surgery
treatment for fournier's gangrene
orchitis
inflammation of a testicle; most commonly a complication from
epididymitis, can be caused by mumps (4-7 days after parotid
symptoms); presentation: swollen/tender testicle, erythematous
scrotal skin, malaise, HA, myalgias, fever
urethritis
, inflammation of the urethra, usually associated with sexual
activity; symptoms: pain, urethral burning during urination,
urethral discharge
ceftriaxone 250 mg IM plus 10 days doxycycline 100 mg PO
QID
treatment for urethritis (assuming STI cause)
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis; MC due to inadequate hygiene in
uncircumcised men; RFs: DM, trauma, obesity, edematous
conditions; associated dermatologic conditions, Reiter
syndrome, fixed drug eruption; presentation: pain, tenderness,
pruritus, erythema, curd-like or purulent exudate, edema
hygiene, hydrocortisone cream, antifungal cream
treatments for balanitis
stress incontinence
leakage of urine upon coughing, sneezing, or standing
urge incontinence
urgency and inability to delay urination -- due to detrusor
overactivity or decreased bladder compliance
overflow incontinence
common in older men due to bladder outlet
obstruction, cystoceles in women, detrusor underactivity
delirium, infection, pharmaceuticals, psychological factors,
excessive urinary output, restricted mobility, stool impaction
