NASM CPT FINAL EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When is the best time for clients to measure their resting heart rate? - ANS upon waking in
the morning
Name two common tests for assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency. - ANS YMCA 3-Min Step
Test & Rockport Walk Test
What are three methods of assessing body fat percentage? - ANS Underwater weighing,
bioelectrical impedance, and skin fold measurements
What is the BMI range for a person who has a very high risk of disease? - ANS 35.0-39.99
What are the two main calf muscles that are responsible for concentrically accelerating plantar
flexion? - ANS Gastrocnemius and soleus
Name the muscle that is responsible for concentrically accelerating hip extension and external
rotation. - ANS Gluteus maximus
What do you call measurable data regarding a clients physical state, such as body composition,
movement assessments, and cardiorespiratory ability? - ANS Objective information
What do you call information gathered from a client that includes their occupation, lifestyle,
and medical background - ANS Subjective information
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, What positional guidelines do you give a client who is setting up for an Overhead Squat
assessment? - ANS Feet shoulder-width apart and pointed straight ahead; foot and ankle
complex in a neutral position; arms raised overhead, with elbows fully extended
What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the Overhead Squat
assessment? - ANS Height of a chair
Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the anterior view. -
ANS Feet turn out and knees move inward
Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the lateral view. -
ANS Low back arches, excessive forward lean, arms fall forward
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
feet turn out? - ANS Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and biceps femoris (short head)
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client's
feet turn out? - ANS Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring complex, gracilis, sartorius,
popliteus
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
knees move inward? - ANS Adductor complex, biceps femoris (short head), tensor fascia
latae, vastus lateralis
What are the probable underactive muscles when a client's knees move inward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment? - ANS Gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when there is
an excessive forward lean? - ANS Soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal
complex
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, During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a
client shows an excessive forward lean? - ANS Anterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, erector
spinae
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the low
back arches? - ANS Hip flexor complex, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a
client's low back arches? - ANS Gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, intrinsic core
stabilizers
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
client's arms fall forward? - ANS Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor
What are the probable underactive muscles when a client's arms fall forward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment? - ANS Middle/lower trapezius, rhomboids, rotator cuff
After assessing a client's Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them foam roll and
stretch? - ANS Overactive muscles
After assessing a client's Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them strengthen? -
ANS Underactive muscles
Name movement compensations observed during a Pushing assessment. - ANS Low back
arches, shoulder elevates, head migrates forward
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's lower
back arches? - ANS Hip flexors and erector spinae
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's lower
back arches? - ANS Intrinsic core stabilizers
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, During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's
shoulder elevates/head migrates forward? - ANS Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and
levator scapulae
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's
shoulders elevate? - ANS Middle/ lower trapezius
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's head
protrudes forward? - ANS Deep cervical flexors
Name the assessment that measures lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control. -
ANS Shark Skill Test
What is an indicator that a female client's ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for
extended periods of time based on occupation? - ANS Wearing dress shoes (high heels)
Name the class of medication that decreases heart rate and blood pressure - ANS Beta-
blockers
Name 2 conditions in which Beta-blockers might be prescribed. - ANS High blood pressure
and arrhythmias
What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from
accelerating in an uncontrolled manner? - ANS Eccentric
What muscle action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in
the shortening of the muscle? - ANS Concentric
Name the imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves. - ANS Sagittal
plane
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When is the best time for clients to measure their resting heart rate? - ANS upon waking in
the morning
Name two common tests for assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency. - ANS YMCA 3-Min Step
Test & Rockport Walk Test
What are three methods of assessing body fat percentage? - ANS Underwater weighing,
bioelectrical impedance, and skin fold measurements
What is the BMI range for a person who has a very high risk of disease? - ANS 35.0-39.99
What are the two main calf muscles that are responsible for concentrically accelerating plantar
flexion? - ANS Gastrocnemius and soleus
Name the muscle that is responsible for concentrically accelerating hip extension and external
rotation. - ANS Gluteus maximus
What do you call measurable data regarding a clients physical state, such as body composition,
movement assessments, and cardiorespiratory ability? - ANS Objective information
What do you call information gathered from a client that includes their occupation, lifestyle,
and medical background - ANS Subjective information
1
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, What positional guidelines do you give a client who is setting up for an Overhead Squat
assessment? - ANS Feet shoulder-width apart and pointed straight ahead; foot and ankle
complex in a neutral position; arms raised overhead, with elbows fully extended
What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the Overhead Squat
assessment? - ANS Height of a chair
Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the anterior view. -
ANS Feet turn out and knees move inward
Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the lateral view. -
ANS Low back arches, excessive forward lean, arms fall forward
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
feet turn out? - ANS Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and biceps femoris (short head)
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client's
feet turn out? - ANS Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring complex, gracilis, sartorius,
popliteus
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
knees move inward? - ANS Adductor complex, biceps femoris (short head), tensor fascia
latae, vastus lateralis
What are the probable underactive muscles when a client's knees move inward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment? - ANS Gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when there is
an excessive forward lean? - ANS Soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal
complex
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@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a
client shows an excessive forward lean? - ANS Anterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, erector
spinae
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the low
back arches? - ANS Hip flexor complex, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a
client's low back arches? - ANS Gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, intrinsic core
stabilizers
During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the
client's arms fall forward? - ANS Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor
What are the probable underactive muscles when a client's arms fall forward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment? - ANS Middle/lower trapezius, rhomboids, rotator cuff
After assessing a client's Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them foam roll and
stretch? - ANS Overactive muscles
After assessing a client's Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them strengthen? -
ANS Underactive muscles
Name movement compensations observed during a Pushing assessment. - ANS Low back
arches, shoulder elevates, head migrates forward
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's lower
back arches? - ANS Hip flexors and erector spinae
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's lower
back arches? - ANS Intrinsic core stabilizers
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Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's
shoulder elevates/head migrates forward? - ANS Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and
levator scapulae
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's
shoulders elevate? - ANS Middle/ lower trapezius
During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's head
protrudes forward? - ANS Deep cervical flexors
Name the assessment that measures lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control. -
ANS Shark Skill Test
What is an indicator that a female client's ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for
extended periods of time based on occupation? - ANS Wearing dress shoes (high heels)
Name the class of medication that decreases heart rate and blood pressure - ANS Beta-
blockers
Name 2 conditions in which Beta-blockers might be prescribed. - ANS High blood pressure
and arrhythmias
What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from
accelerating in an uncontrolled manner? - ANS Eccentric
What muscle action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in
the shortening of the muscle? - ANS Concentric
Name the imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves. - ANS Sagittal
plane
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