Philosophy A2 exam summary

RELATIVISM Epistemological :
nature of truth+ knowledge
↳
no such
thing as the truth Ethical :
Q morality right 3 Wrong : rel .
to context ?

-

truth relative to an indivi their context




Relativism as a doctrine : US Descriptive relativism
theory acknowledgement
-


-




truth 3 ↳ diff grps have diff moral
explain nature of
-




views beliefs
goodness
+



such doesn't accept cond that there's
> rel knowledge thing
-




re :
no
- .



.




truth whatsoever
as the truth no


>
-



moral rel : no such thing as universal
-

observation : don't have to accept

rel doctrine
good Ibad as a
.




ARGS IN FAVOR :




1 . ARG AGAINST ABSOLUTISM

↳ belief all human
in a single ,
universal truth beyond thought a experience
P :
observation of descriptive relativism

universal truth
people have never agreed
>
on a
-




C :
relativism as a doctrine

>
-


no uni .
truth-diff truths for diff grps
. .




.
2 ARG FROM CONTEXT




Pl : all conceptions of truth arise win a context

P2 : there's no position of truth outside of a context




C : :
truth must be relative to context

↳ no abs Truth .

, . ARG FROM RESPECT
3



Pl :
IndivIgrps have a right to own Opinions / values / views

PC :
We respect this right


:.:
C we are obliged to respect their truths
3 must be relativists




ARGS AGAINST



1 .
PERITROPE / JUDO-FLIP I SELF-DEFEATING ARG

turns rel against itself
-

.




> no
-

reason to accept relativist is right -> claim is also relative ; just opinion




Relativist makes a claim about what the world is really like
But: if the relativist is right about this, then this claim is only relative to the one who
holds it


So if the relativist is right, we have no reason to accept that the relativist is right




Counter : Moderate / Modest Relativist

(doesn't deny universal truth
doesn't make
any claim about truth
·




·
says that absolutist doesn't have any claim to absolute truth

Escapes judo-flip
-