BIOD 331 Module 1 Exam Pathophysiology
Exam 2025 | Complete Questions and
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers | Just Released
What are the roles of the ribosomes, rough ER, and smooth ER? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Rough ER carries ribosomes and synthesizes lysosomal enzymes.
Smooth ER NO RIBOSOMES. Creates lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones.
What is the function of the lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lysosomes break down proteins.
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that
breaks down peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds
into cellular energy.
What is contained in the cytoskeleton and what is its function? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------The cytoskeleton contains a network of microtubules,
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and thick filaments. They control cell
shape and movement.
,Explain microtubules. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Microtubules can
disassemble at one location and reassemble at another, aiding in the
maintenance of cell form, intracellular transport, and the formation of cellular
structures.
Explain centrioles. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Centrioles are made of
microtubules and aid during cell division by forming the mitotic spindle and
helping to separate and move the chromosomes.
Explain cilia. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The cilia are also made of
microtubules and function in cell motility.
Give examples of where cilia and flagella are found in the human body. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cilia are found in epithelial lining such as nasal
passages. Flagella are only found in sperm.
What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------The cell membrane separates the contents of a cell from its outside
environment. It regulates the materials coming into and going from the cell, it
aids in cell division and growth, and contains hormone receptors that facilitate
the conduction of electrical currents in nerve receptors.
, Why do cells need to communicate with one another? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------Cells need to communicate to sense and respond to changes in their
environment, this cannot be done without communication.
Name the 4 types of signaling. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Endocrine,
paracrine, autocrine, and synaptic signaling
What is endocrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hormones in
the bloodstream signal for cells to act on the body
What is paracrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------enzymes
metabolize chemical mediators and leads to cell acting on a nearby cell
What is autocrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cell releases
chemical into extracellular fluid that affects its own self
What is synaptic signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------occurs in
nervous system. Neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells through synapses,
or small gaps between nerve cells
Exam 2025 | Complete Questions and
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers | Just Released
What are the roles of the ribosomes, rough ER, and smooth ER? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Rough ER carries ribosomes and synthesizes lysosomal enzymes.
Smooth ER NO RIBOSOMES. Creates lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones.
What is the function of the lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lysosomes break down proteins.
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that
breaks down peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds
into cellular energy.
What is contained in the cytoskeleton and what is its function? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------The cytoskeleton contains a network of microtubules,
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and thick filaments. They control cell
shape and movement.
,Explain microtubules. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Microtubules can
disassemble at one location and reassemble at another, aiding in the
maintenance of cell form, intracellular transport, and the formation of cellular
structures.
Explain centrioles. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Centrioles are made of
microtubules and aid during cell division by forming the mitotic spindle and
helping to separate and move the chromosomes.
Explain cilia. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The cilia are also made of
microtubules and function in cell motility.
Give examples of where cilia and flagella are found in the human body. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cilia are found in epithelial lining such as nasal
passages. Flagella are only found in sperm.
What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------The cell membrane separates the contents of a cell from its outside
environment. It regulates the materials coming into and going from the cell, it
aids in cell division and growth, and contains hormone receptors that facilitate
the conduction of electrical currents in nerve receptors.
, Why do cells need to communicate with one another? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------Cells need to communicate to sense and respond to changes in their
environment, this cannot be done without communication.
Name the 4 types of signaling. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Endocrine,
paracrine, autocrine, and synaptic signaling
What is endocrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hormones in
the bloodstream signal for cells to act on the body
What is paracrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------enzymes
metabolize chemical mediators and leads to cell acting on a nearby cell
What is autocrine signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cell releases
chemical into extracellular fluid that affects its own self
What is synaptic signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------occurs in
nervous system. Neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells through synapses,
or small gaps between nerve cells
