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Which of the following are factors that can affect the composition of the microbiota? (select all that
apply)
1. Aging
2. Genetics
3. Use of probiotics
4. The microbiota you acquired when you were young Correct answer-1. Aging
2. Genetics
3. Use of probiotics
4. The microbiota you acquired when you were young
Which of the following short chain fatty acids helps regulate your appetite? (select all that apply)
1. Proprionate
2. Acetate
3. Butryate Correct answer-1. Proprionate
2. Acetate
Which of the following were goals of the Human Microbiome Project? (select all that apply)
1. to characterize all microbes identified as part of the human microbiota
2. to determine if there are associations between changes in the microbiota and the development or
progression of disease
3. to develop tools to help conduct these studies, such as tools to rapidly identify microbial species
and strains, so that research can be conducted that will ultimately lead to clinical benefit
4. to identify of all of the major organisms comprising the human microbiota in "normal" people
Correct answer-2. to determine if there are associations between changes in the microbiota and the
development or progression of disease
3. to develop tools to help conduct these studies, such as tools to rapidly identify microbial species
and strains, so that research can be conducted that will ultimately lead to clinical benefit
4. to identify of all of the major organisms comprising the human microbiota in "normal" people
If you have a protein-rich diet, which bacterial phyla will likely be more abundant in your gut?
Correct answer-Bacteriodetes
If you have a vegetable-rich diet, which bacterial phyla will likely be more abundant in your gut?
Correct answer-Firmicutes
Which of the following are examples of direct colonization resistance? (select all that apply)
1. Production of peptides by bacteria that kill closely related strains
2. Microbial influencing of the gut epithelial barrier mucousal thickness
3. Inducing the host to produce antimicrobial peptides
4. Type 6 secretion systems Correct answer-1. Production of peptides by bacteria that kill closely
related strains
4. Type 6 secretion systems