ADVANCED PATHO EXAM 1 DB 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a semipermeable
membrane.
True
False - ANS The answer is False
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily through
pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill from a region
of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is called passive because
it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and
diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not require life" (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 28).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - ANS The answer is A
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, "Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new cells from tissue stem
cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually end in what suffix?
A. Phoma
B. Kemia
C. Carcinoma
D. Sarcoma - ANS The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia?
A. Negative Trousseau's sign
B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching
C. Coma
D. Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl - ANS THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on the facial nerve
below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is also known as a positive Cvostek sign. The
symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to neuromuscular irritability. A positive Trousseau's sign
would be a manifestation of hypocalcemia, not a negative one. Serum Calcium level would need
to be below 8.5 mg/dl to indicate hypocalcemia.(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?
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, A. Renal Failure
B. Diarrhea
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Vomiting - ANS THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic Alkalosis not
Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis happens when the concentration of non-carbonic acids
increases or bicarb is lost from ECF and cannot be regenerated by the kidney. (McCance et al.
2014, p. 126-127).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia - ANS THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size,
shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. -
ANS Answer: TRUE
Rationale: "The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis
and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. It consists of
a network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout the cytoplasm and are
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continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
Page
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
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, Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select all that
apply:
A. Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate cancer
B. Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet
C. Prostate cancer usually progresses rapidly
D. Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels
E. The mean age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age - ANS Answers: A,
D, E
Rationale: Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include high-fat
diet. Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V.
L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply:
A. Type II diabetes is insulin resistant
B. Type II diabetes in autoimmune
C. Age of onset is usually >40 years
D. Obesity is common with type II diabetes
E. The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes - ANS Answers: A, C, D
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a semipermeable
membrane.
True
False - ANS The answer is False
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily through
pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill from a region
of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is called passive because
it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and
diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not require life" (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 28).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - ANS The answer is A
1
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, "Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new cells from tissue stem
cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually end in what suffix?
A. Phoma
B. Kemia
C. Carcinoma
D. Sarcoma - ANS The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia?
A. Negative Trousseau's sign
B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching
C. Coma
D. Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl - ANS THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on the facial nerve
below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is also known as a positive Cvostek sign. The
symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to neuromuscular irritability. A positive Trousseau's sign
would be a manifestation of hypocalcemia, not a negative one. Serum Calcium level would need
to be below 8.5 mg/dl to indicate hypocalcemia.(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
2
Page
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, A. Renal Failure
B. Diarrhea
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Vomiting - ANS THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic Alkalosis not
Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis happens when the concentration of non-carbonic acids
increases or bicarb is lost from ECF and cannot be regenerated by the kidney. (McCance et al.
2014, p. 126-127).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia - ANS THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size,
shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. -
ANS Answer: TRUE
Rationale: "The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis
and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. It consists of
a network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout the cytoplasm and are
3
continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
Page
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select all that
apply:
A. Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate cancer
B. Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet
C. Prostate cancer usually progresses rapidly
D. Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels
E. The mean age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age - ANS Answers: A,
D, E
Rationale: Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include high-fat
diet. Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V.
L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply:
A. Type II diabetes is insulin resistant
B. Type II diabetes in autoimmune
C. Age of onset is usually >40 years
D. Obesity is common with type II diabetes
E. The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes - ANS Answers: A, C, D
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@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
