NSE111 Exam Review
Assessment: collection of data important
to client's health status or situation in
order to fully understand client's priority
needs
Diagnosis: analysis of assessment data
to determine key issues and make clini-
cal judgements in the form of a nursing
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
diagnosis, involves creation of outcomes
or goals for client's situation
Planning: creating plan that identifies
strategies to reach outcomes or goals
Implementation: carrying out plan
Evaluation: reflection on success of
reaching outcome
Dignity: preserve their dignity; the state
of feeling worthy, valued and respected
Independence: patients need to do what
they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to make choices
and explain how they want to have things
done
DIPPS
Privacy: clients need to know that their
bodies and their affairs are treated re-
spectfully and protected from public view
Safety: safe from harm; clients need to
live in an environment that is as hazard
free as possible and feel secure about
the care provided
Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Dipppers
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
, NSE111 Exam Review
Incubation period: interval between en-
trance of pathogen into body and appear-
ance of her symptoms
Prodromal stage: interval from onset
of non-specific signs and symptoms to
more specific symptoms; in this time mi-
cro organisms grow and multiply and pa-
tient may be more capable of spreading
disease to others
Illness stage: travel when the patient
manifest signs and symptoms specific to
type of infection
Convalescence: interval when the acute
symptoms of infection disappear and the
body tries to replenish its resources and
return to state of homeostasis; length of
recovery depends on severity of infection
and patient's general state of health: may
take several days to months
an infection that is limited to a specific
localized infection location in the body and has local symp-
toms
systemic infection an infection throughout the body
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (in-
Infectious agent aka pathogen fluenza), fungi (athletes foot, thrush),
protozoa (malaria)
They're sufficient in number, The mi-
Transient Microorganisms can spread on
crobe is virulent, survives and enters
surfaces and cause disease when....
host, and the host is susceptible.
site where pathogens can survive but
may or may not multiply; human body,
animals, food, water, insects, objects;
carriers don't show symptoms but can
Resevoir
spread; require ideal environment for
survival including food, oxygen (spores
are aerobic), water, temp (35-37 de-
grees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
, NSE111 Exam Review
a way for the infectious agent to escape
from the reservoir in which it has been
growing:
Body openings, breaks in skin, breaks in
mucus membranes, blood, bodily fluids,
secretions, excretions.
A way for the infectious agent to enter a
new reservoir or host; same as exit.
portal of entry
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous
membrane...
route of transmission by which pathogen
mode of transmission
travels from reservoir to a host.
infected person physically touches host;
direct contact
examples include STDS, cold sores, aids
Exposure or transmission of disease
indirect contact from one person to another by contact
with a contaminated object.
sneezing, coughing, laughing, leading to
droplet transmission
droplets reaching someone else.
residue from evaporated droplets; much
airborne transmission smaller than an actual droplet.
-it gets inhaled, as it lies in the air
transmission by an inanimate reservoir
(food, water, air)
vehicle transmission
ex: flint water supply carrying lead which
infected many people.
transfer of an agent to a susceptible host
by living organisms such as mosquitoes,
vectorborne transmission
fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
A person that lacks the ability to resist
infection by an infectious agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to de-
velp and infection
, NSE111 Exam Review
- consider virulence and number of or-
ganisms
- young, older, or persons with chronic
diseases are vulnerable.
(nosocomial infection) an infection that is
acquired in the hospital or other health
hospital acquired infection (HAI) care facility and was not present or incu-
bating at the time of the patient's admis-
sion.
Microorganisms that reside in or on the
normal flora body without causing disease, helps pro-
tect against pathogens.
vascular and cellular response to protect
inflammatory response
the body from an injury or infection.
occurs if a pathogen breaches the host's
external defense and enters sterile tis-
exogenous infection
sue: (MOs that don't exist in normal flora;
salmonella, C. difficle)
patients flora becomes altered and re-
endogenous infection sults in overgrowth or is transferred to
another site; yeast, strep
Microbes adapting to the environment
and changing their genetic makeup.
Drugs become ineffective and fail to treat
Antimicrobial Resistant Organism (ARO)
infections, as microbes develop to con-
quer antimicrobial treatments.
- proper hand hygiene can prevent this!
Procedures used to reduce and prevent
the spread of microorganisms but do not
remove threat;
Need to follow principles:
Medical asepsis (clean technique)
perform hand hygiene frequently; use
PPE as indicated; don't place items on
the floor of client's room; don't shake
linen; clean least soiled area first; place
Assessment: collection of data important
to client's health status or situation in
order to fully understand client's priority
needs
Diagnosis: analysis of assessment data
to determine key issues and make clini-
cal judgements in the form of a nursing
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
diagnosis, involves creation of outcomes
or goals for client's situation
Planning: creating plan that identifies
strategies to reach outcomes or goals
Implementation: carrying out plan
Evaluation: reflection on success of
reaching outcome
Dignity: preserve their dignity; the state
of feeling worthy, valued and respected
Independence: patients need to do what
they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to make choices
and explain how they want to have things
done
DIPPS
Privacy: clients need to know that their
bodies and their affairs are treated re-
spectfully and protected from public view
Safety: safe from harm; clients need to
live in an environment that is as hazard
free as possible and feel secure about
the care provided
Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Dipppers
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
, NSE111 Exam Review
Incubation period: interval between en-
trance of pathogen into body and appear-
ance of her symptoms
Prodromal stage: interval from onset
of non-specific signs and symptoms to
more specific symptoms; in this time mi-
cro organisms grow and multiply and pa-
tient may be more capable of spreading
disease to others
Illness stage: travel when the patient
manifest signs and symptoms specific to
type of infection
Convalescence: interval when the acute
symptoms of infection disappear and the
body tries to replenish its resources and
return to state of homeostasis; length of
recovery depends on severity of infection
and patient's general state of health: may
take several days to months
an infection that is limited to a specific
localized infection location in the body and has local symp-
toms
systemic infection an infection throughout the body
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (in-
Infectious agent aka pathogen fluenza), fungi (athletes foot, thrush),
protozoa (malaria)
They're sufficient in number, The mi-
Transient Microorganisms can spread on
crobe is virulent, survives and enters
surfaces and cause disease when....
host, and the host is susceptible.
site where pathogens can survive but
may or may not multiply; human body,
animals, food, water, insects, objects;
carriers don't show symptoms but can
Resevoir
spread; require ideal environment for
survival including food, oxygen (spores
are aerobic), water, temp (35-37 de-
grees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
, NSE111 Exam Review
a way for the infectious agent to escape
from the reservoir in which it has been
growing:
Body openings, breaks in skin, breaks in
mucus membranes, blood, bodily fluids,
secretions, excretions.
A way for the infectious agent to enter a
new reservoir or host; same as exit.
portal of entry
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous
membrane...
route of transmission by which pathogen
mode of transmission
travels from reservoir to a host.
infected person physically touches host;
direct contact
examples include STDS, cold sores, aids
Exposure or transmission of disease
indirect contact from one person to another by contact
with a contaminated object.
sneezing, coughing, laughing, leading to
droplet transmission
droplets reaching someone else.
residue from evaporated droplets; much
airborne transmission smaller than an actual droplet.
-it gets inhaled, as it lies in the air
transmission by an inanimate reservoir
(food, water, air)
vehicle transmission
ex: flint water supply carrying lead which
infected many people.
transfer of an agent to a susceptible host
by living organisms such as mosquitoes,
vectorborne transmission
fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
A person that lacks the ability to resist
infection by an infectious agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to de-
velp and infection
, NSE111 Exam Review
- consider virulence and number of or-
ganisms
- young, older, or persons with chronic
diseases are vulnerable.
(nosocomial infection) an infection that is
acquired in the hospital or other health
hospital acquired infection (HAI) care facility and was not present or incu-
bating at the time of the patient's admis-
sion.
Microorganisms that reside in or on the
normal flora body without causing disease, helps pro-
tect against pathogens.
vascular and cellular response to protect
inflammatory response
the body from an injury or infection.
occurs if a pathogen breaches the host's
external defense and enters sterile tis-
exogenous infection
sue: (MOs that don't exist in normal flora;
salmonella, C. difficle)
patients flora becomes altered and re-
endogenous infection sults in overgrowth or is transferred to
another site; yeast, strep
Microbes adapting to the environment
and changing their genetic makeup.
Drugs become ineffective and fail to treat
Antimicrobial Resistant Organism (ARO)
infections, as microbes develop to con-
quer antimicrobial treatments.
- proper hand hygiene can prevent this!
Procedures used to reduce and prevent
the spread of microorganisms but do not
remove threat;
Need to follow principles:
Medical asepsis (clean technique)
perform hand hygiene frequently; use
PPE as indicated; don't place items on
the floor of client's room; don't shake
linen; clean least soiled area first; place
