SLCC Pathophysiology final Exam Questions
& Answers Rated 100% Correct with highly
graded a+
Primary intention - CORRECT ANSWERS--Wound margins are brought together by any
means and heals with minimal scarring.
Secondary intention - CORRECT ANSWERS--missing tissue requires margins to
contract, and then fill-ins, resulting a large scar. Cannot be sutured closed because too
much tissue is missing.
Tertiary intention healing - CORRECT ANSWERS--Wound margins separate after being
closed or intentionally left open due to infection.
metastasize - CORRECT ANSWERS--to spread by transferring a disease-causing
agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body
benign cell characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS--well differentiated
benign cellular cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--Stays together
benign growth mode - CORRECT ANSWERS--expands and pushes on surrounding
tissue
benign growth pattern - CORRECT ANSWERS--encapsulated
benign growth rate - CORRECT ANSWERS--generally slow growth
benign hormone secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS--hyper
benign metastatic potential - CORRECT ANSWERS--does not metastisize
benign tumor mobility - CORRECT ANSWERS--movable
malignant cell characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS--poor differentiation
malignant cellular cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--breaks apart, sluffs off easily
malignant growth mode - CORRECT ANSWERS--infiltrates into tissue
,malignant growth pattern - CORRECT ANSWERS--infiltrates tissue
malignant growth rate - CORRECT ANSWERS--usually rapid growth
malignant hormone secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS--hypo
malignant metastatic potential - CORRECT ANSWERS--eventually metastasizes
malignant tumor mobility - CORRECT ANSWERS--fixed
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWERS--process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
cancer differentiation - CORRECT ANSWERS--Tumors lose differentiation features
over time as they multiply and become more "malignant". The more these fast growing
cells multiply, the less differentiated they become. Poor cellular differentiation increases
the growth rate. A tumor neoplasm that is well differentiated (retains most of the cellular
characteristics of the tissue it is from) is more likely to be benign. Whereas, a poorly
differentiated tumor is more likely to be malignant. As a cell becomes malignant it loses
the characteristics that made it a unique type of cell, and it no longer functions as
normal tissue
contact inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS--a process that stops additional cell growth
when cells become crowded
cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--normal cell membranes stick together when
they come in contact helping support each other.
anchorage dependence - CORRECT ANSWERS--The requirement that to divide, a cell
must be attached to a solid surface.
Faulty cell to cell communication - CORRECT ANSWERS--Intracellular messengers
cause growth and modify behavior. Cancer cells don't listen to messengers and do what
they want.
antigens (cancer) - CORRECT ANSWERS--surface cell markers
enzymes - CORRECT ANSWERS--proteins involved in insuring intracellular
organization and cell to cell cohesion.
oma - CORRECT ANSWERS--ending that indicates benign tumors
carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWERS--epithelial origin named to indicate malignant
tumors
,sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWERS--indicates malignant tumors in mesenchymal origin
mesenchymal - CORRECT ANSWERS--connective tissue tumor
oncogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS--genetic mechanism where normal cells
transform into cancer cells
oncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--mutated gene that have potential to cause cancer
proto-oncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--genes that can become oncogenes
inherited genes or environmental mutations - CORRECT ANSWERS--What can cause
an oncogene from a proto-oncogene
cellular oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS--Cancer characteristics that are coded on
the host's inherited genes.
viral oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS--DNA or RNA transmission into a host
causing cancer
mutated antioncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--under production of cancer-preventing
cells due to mutation
antioncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--tumor suppressing genes
direct extension, seeding, circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS--methods of metastasis
direct extension - CORRECT ANSWERS--cells spread to adjacent tissue
seeding - CORRECT ANSWERS--Cells shed into body cavities or some cells remain
after removal that are the "seed" for more tumors
circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS--travels through blood or lymph and a second tumor
develops in a completely different place
staging - CORRECT ANSWERS--severity of cancer
size of tumor, node involvement, metastatic spread - CORRECT ANSWERS--What
does TNM stand for?
TNM system - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is used the most in cancer staging?
TX - CORRECT ANSWERS--Primary tumor cannot be evaluated
T0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No evidence of primary tumor
, Tis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma in situ - CORRECT ANSWERS--cancer in the early stage before invading
surrounding tissue
Size of the primary tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS--T1 - 4 mean what in cancer?
NX - CORRECT ANSWERS--lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No regional lymph node involvement
N1-3 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Degree of lymph node involvement
MX - CORRECT ANSWERS--distant metastasis that cannot be evaluated
M0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No distant metastasis
M1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Metastasis is present
Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--In situ is considered what stage?
In situ - CORRECT ANSWERS--When abnormal cell are present only in the layer of
cells where the tumor developed, what is it called?
localized - CORRECT ANSWERS--Stage 2 of cancer
no evidence of spread - CORRECT ANSWERS--What does is mean if a tumor is
localized?
Regional - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is stage 3 of cancer?
Regional - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is is called if cancer has spread to nearby
lymph nodes and/or other tissues?
metastatic - CORRECT ANSWERS--cancer has spread to distant tissues/organ/lymph
nodes
Stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWERS--What stage is metastatic
unknown - CORRECT ANSWERS--what is the final stage in the staging system
There isn't enough information to determine stage - CORRECT ANSWERS--What does
the last stage in the staging system mean?
tumor grading scale - CORRECT ANSWERS--what is used if there is no system for a
specific tumor type?
& Answers Rated 100% Correct with highly
graded a+
Primary intention - CORRECT ANSWERS--Wound margins are brought together by any
means and heals with minimal scarring.
Secondary intention - CORRECT ANSWERS--missing tissue requires margins to
contract, and then fill-ins, resulting a large scar. Cannot be sutured closed because too
much tissue is missing.
Tertiary intention healing - CORRECT ANSWERS--Wound margins separate after being
closed or intentionally left open due to infection.
metastasize - CORRECT ANSWERS--to spread by transferring a disease-causing
agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body
benign cell characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS--well differentiated
benign cellular cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--Stays together
benign growth mode - CORRECT ANSWERS--expands and pushes on surrounding
tissue
benign growth pattern - CORRECT ANSWERS--encapsulated
benign growth rate - CORRECT ANSWERS--generally slow growth
benign hormone secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS--hyper
benign metastatic potential - CORRECT ANSWERS--does not metastisize
benign tumor mobility - CORRECT ANSWERS--movable
malignant cell characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS--poor differentiation
malignant cellular cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--breaks apart, sluffs off easily
malignant growth mode - CORRECT ANSWERS--infiltrates into tissue
,malignant growth pattern - CORRECT ANSWERS--infiltrates tissue
malignant growth rate - CORRECT ANSWERS--usually rapid growth
malignant hormone secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS--hypo
malignant metastatic potential - CORRECT ANSWERS--eventually metastasizes
malignant tumor mobility - CORRECT ANSWERS--fixed
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWERS--process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
cancer differentiation - CORRECT ANSWERS--Tumors lose differentiation features
over time as they multiply and become more "malignant". The more these fast growing
cells multiply, the less differentiated they become. Poor cellular differentiation increases
the growth rate. A tumor neoplasm that is well differentiated (retains most of the cellular
characteristics of the tissue it is from) is more likely to be benign. Whereas, a poorly
differentiated tumor is more likely to be malignant. As a cell becomes malignant it loses
the characteristics that made it a unique type of cell, and it no longer functions as
normal tissue
contact inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS--a process that stops additional cell growth
when cells become crowded
cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWERS--normal cell membranes stick together when
they come in contact helping support each other.
anchorage dependence - CORRECT ANSWERS--The requirement that to divide, a cell
must be attached to a solid surface.
Faulty cell to cell communication - CORRECT ANSWERS--Intracellular messengers
cause growth and modify behavior. Cancer cells don't listen to messengers and do what
they want.
antigens (cancer) - CORRECT ANSWERS--surface cell markers
enzymes - CORRECT ANSWERS--proteins involved in insuring intracellular
organization and cell to cell cohesion.
oma - CORRECT ANSWERS--ending that indicates benign tumors
carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWERS--epithelial origin named to indicate malignant
tumors
,sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWERS--indicates malignant tumors in mesenchymal origin
mesenchymal - CORRECT ANSWERS--connective tissue tumor
oncogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS--genetic mechanism where normal cells
transform into cancer cells
oncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--mutated gene that have potential to cause cancer
proto-oncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--genes that can become oncogenes
inherited genes or environmental mutations - CORRECT ANSWERS--What can cause
an oncogene from a proto-oncogene
cellular oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS--Cancer characteristics that are coded on
the host's inherited genes.
viral oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS--DNA or RNA transmission into a host
causing cancer
mutated antioncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--under production of cancer-preventing
cells due to mutation
antioncogene - CORRECT ANSWERS--tumor suppressing genes
direct extension, seeding, circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS--methods of metastasis
direct extension - CORRECT ANSWERS--cells spread to adjacent tissue
seeding - CORRECT ANSWERS--Cells shed into body cavities or some cells remain
after removal that are the "seed" for more tumors
circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS--travels through blood or lymph and a second tumor
develops in a completely different place
staging - CORRECT ANSWERS--severity of cancer
size of tumor, node involvement, metastatic spread - CORRECT ANSWERS--What
does TNM stand for?
TNM system - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is used the most in cancer staging?
TX - CORRECT ANSWERS--Primary tumor cannot be evaluated
T0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No evidence of primary tumor
, Tis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma in situ - CORRECT ANSWERS--cancer in the early stage before invading
surrounding tissue
Size of the primary tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS--T1 - 4 mean what in cancer?
NX - CORRECT ANSWERS--lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No regional lymph node involvement
N1-3 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Degree of lymph node involvement
MX - CORRECT ANSWERS--distant metastasis that cannot be evaluated
M0 - CORRECT ANSWERS--No distant metastasis
M1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Metastasis is present
Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--In situ is considered what stage?
In situ - CORRECT ANSWERS--When abnormal cell are present only in the layer of
cells where the tumor developed, what is it called?
localized - CORRECT ANSWERS--Stage 2 of cancer
no evidence of spread - CORRECT ANSWERS--What does is mean if a tumor is
localized?
Regional - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is stage 3 of cancer?
Regional - CORRECT ANSWERS--What is is called if cancer has spread to nearby
lymph nodes and/or other tissues?
metastatic - CORRECT ANSWERS--cancer has spread to distant tissues/organ/lymph
nodes
Stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWERS--What stage is metastatic
unknown - CORRECT ANSWERS--what is the final stage in the staging system
There isn't enough information to determine stage - CORRECT ANSWERS--What does
the last stage in the staging system mean?
tumor grading scale - CORRECT ANSWERS--what is used if there is no system for a
specific tumor type?
