Clean Needle Technique
Differentiate self from non-self - answers✔✔Fundamental role of immune system
Failure of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self - answers✔✔Autoimmune disorders
result from
Constitutive complement protein system and immunoglobulins - answers✔✔Humoral components of
the immune system consist of...
Liquid fraction of the blood and other body tissues - answers✔✔Where are humoral components of the
immune system found
Neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, as well as B cells and T cells - answers✔✔Cellular components of
the immune system consist of...
Intact skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum; stomach acid; healthy
respiratory mucosa; activity of epithelial skin layer and mucus membranes; cleansing effect of tears,
urine, and acidity of vaginal secretions - answers✔✔**Natural barriers to infection include...
Hands, blood, saliva, sweat, nasal and other bodily secretions, dust, clothing, and hair -
answers✔✔Potential sources of infection diseases in an acupuncture office
Autogenous and Cross-infections - answers✔✔Categories of infections associated with acupuncture
Infectious agent that patient is already carrying. Pathogen can be carried from one location on the
patient's body to another causing infection. - answers✔✔Cause of autogenous type of infection
Pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment, either directly or by transfer -
answers✔✔Cause of cross-infectious type of infection
, Hepatitis B virus and HIV as well as TB - answers✔✔Most serious types of cross-infectious infections
Carried on dust or droplets of moisture in the air; transferred in body fluids; mechanical transfer from
one surface to another - answers✔✔How can an infectious agent travel from one host to another
Density of an infectious agent (low or high bioload) - answers✔✔What is an important factor in risk of
cross-infection
Five types categorized as A, B, C, D, and E - answers✔✔How many types of Hepatitis viruses are there
HAV & HEV are transmitted mainly through fecal contaminated food & water. The other types of
Hepatitis viruses are transmitted by blood or sexual contact. - answers✔✔Generally how are the
Hepatitis viruses transmitted
15 to 50 days with and average 28 day incubation period - answers✔✔Incubation period of HAV
(Hepatitis A)
Abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, dark urine, and jaundice -
answers✔✔Symptoms of HAV (Hepatitis A)
Usually less than 2 months, although approximately 15% of those infected have a prolonged or relapsing
course lasting 6 to 9 months - answers✔✔Duration of symptoms of HAV (Hepatitis A)
No, people can not be re-infected - answers✔✔Can a person be re-infected with HAV (Hepatitis A)
50 to 180 days - answers✔✔Incubation period of HBV (Hepatitis B)
Begin with mild flu-like signs and symptoms such as fever (in 60%), general malaise, or insidious onset of
anorexia and abdominal pain; may include chills, nausea, joint pains, rash, and diarrhea. Although some
individuals are symptomatic (30%) or have very mild symptoms. - answers✔✔Symptoms of HBV
(Hepatitis B)
Differentiate self from non-self - answers✔✔Fundamental role of immune system
Failure of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self - answers✔✔Autoimmune disorders
result from
Constitutive complement protein system and immunoglobulins - answers✔✔Humoral components of
the immune system consist of...
Liquid fraction of the blood and other body tissues - answers✔✔Where are humoral components of the
immune system found
Neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, as well as B cells and T cells - answers✔✔Cellular components of
the immune system consist of...
Intact skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum; stomach acid; healthy
respiratory mucosa; activity of epithelial skin layer and mucus membranes; cleansing effect of tears,
urine, and acidity of vaginal secretions - answers✔✔**Natural barriers to infection include...
Hands, blood, saliva, sweat, nasal and other bodily secretions, dust, clothing, and hair -
answers✔✔Potential sources of infection diseases in an acupuncture office
Autogenous and Cross-infections - answers✔✔Categories of infections associated with acupuncture
Infectious agent that patient is already carrying. Pathogen can be carried from one location on the
patient's body to another causing infection. - answers✔✔Cause of autogenous type of infection
Pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment, either directly or by transfer -
answers✔✔Cause of cross-infectious type of infection
, Hepatitis B virus and HIV as well as TB - answers✔✔Most serious types of cross-infectious infections
Carried on dust or droplets of moisture in the air; transferred in body fluids; mechanical transfer from
one surface to another - answers✔✔How can an infectious agent travel from one host to another
Density of an infectious agent (low or high bioload) - answers✔✔What is an important factor in risk of
cross-infection
Five types categorized as A, B, C, D, and E - answers✔✔How many types of Hepatitis viruses are there
HAV & HEV are transmitted mainly through fecal contaminated food & water. The other types of
Hepatitis viruses are transmitted by blood or sexual contact. - answers✔✔Generally how are the
Hepatitis viruses transmitted
15 to 50 days with and average 28 day incubation period - answers✔✔Incubation period of HAV
(Hepatitis A)
Abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, dark urine, and jaundice -
answers✔✔Symptoms of HAV (Hepatitis A)
Usually less than 2 months, although approximately 15% of those infected have a prolonged or relapsing
course lasting 6 to 9 months - answers✔✔Duration of symptoms of HAV (Hepatitis A)
No, people can not be re-infected - answers✔✔Can a person be re-infected with HAV (Hepatitis A)
50 to 180 days - answers✔✔Incubation period of HBV (Hepatitis B)
Begin with mild flu-like signs and symptoms such as fever (in 60%), general malaise, or insidious onset of
anorexia and abdominal pain; may include chills, nausea, joint pains, rash, and diarrhea. Although some
individuals are symptomatic (30%) or have very mild symptoms. - answers✔✔Symptoms of HBV
(Hepatitis B)
