Bio 116 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
PHYLOGENY REVIEW - CORRECT ANSWER -
Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER -science of describing, naming, and classifying
organisms → binomial nomenclature
Phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -evolutionary history of a species or group of related
species
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER -change in allele frequency over time in population
Monophyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -includes common ancestor and all descendents →
"true" tree
Paraphyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -includes common ancestor and only some
descendents → incomplete
Polyphyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -does not include direct common ancestor →
incomplete
VIRUSES - CORRECT ANSWER -
virus traits (4) - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Nonliving
2. No cells → only genetic material and protein coat around genetic material
3. Metabolism requires a cell (host cell)
4. Replication requires a cell
,viruses - CORRECT ANSWER -obligate subcellular intracellular parasites
capsid - CORRECT ANSWER -protein coat that surrounds DNA/RNA → made of
capsomeres (proteins)
envelopes - CORRECT ANSWER -only some viruses have, Phospholipid bilayer (host-
derived), Surrounds capsid, Host glycoproteins → attach to host, Virus proteins
Host - CORRECT ANSWER -species (or tissue) that is infected
viruses are specific because - CORRECT ANSWER -protein coat tells them what they can
attach to
general replication cycle of a virus - CORRECT ANSWER -1. attachment (to host through
receptors, capsid proteins or envelope proteins)
2. genome enters
3. host copies genome
4. new virus (proteins)
5. virus released
phage viruses - CORRECT ANSWER -infect bacteria
virulent phage - CORRECT ANSWER -kills host at end of cycle, only uses lytic cycle (ex.
T4)
Temperate phage - CORRECT ANSWER -uses either lysogenic cycle or lytic cycle,
depending on environment (ex. Lambda phage)
lytic cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Adsorption
, 2. Genome enters cell
3. Host cell produces viral proteins and replications viral DNA
4. New viruses assembled
5. Virus is released and kills host
(temperate or virulent)
lysogenic - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Attachment
2. Genome enters cell but the viral DNA is incorporated as a prophage
3. Integrates virus instructions into host DNA
4. Bacteria then reproduces with hidden prophage (many cycles)
5. Environmental change in the cell triggers the switch to lytic
6. Viruses will then emerge and kill the host cell
(temperate)
vertical transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic material from parent to
offspring (lysogenic)
Horizontal transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic material between
individuals of the same generation → not between parent and offspring (lytic)
PROKARYOTES - CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria and archaea
DNA in - CORRECT ANSWER -nucleiod
prokaryotes have (6) - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Ribosomes
2. Nucleoid: single haploid chromosome
3. Cytosol
4. Cell membrane (all) and cell wall (only some)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
PHYLOGENY REVIEW - CORRECT ANSWER -
Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER -science of describing, naming, and classifying
organisms → binomial nomenclature
Phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -evolutionary history of a species or group of related
species
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER -change in allele frequency over time in population
Monophyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -includes common ancestor and all descendents →
"true" tree
Paraphyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -includes common ancestor and only some
descendents → incomplete
Polyphyletic - CORRECT ANSWER -does not include direct common ancestor →
incomplete
VIRUSES - CORRECT ANSWER -
virus traits (4) - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Nonliving
2. No cells → only genetic material and protein coat around genetic material
3. Metabolism requires a cell (host cell)
4. Replication requires a cell
,viruses - CORRECT ANSWER -obligate subcellular intracellular parasites
capsid - CORRECT ANSWER -protein coat that surrounds DNA/RNA → made of
capsomeres (proteins)
envelopes - CORRECT ANSWER -only some viruses have, Phospholipid bilayer (host-
derived), Surrounds capsid, Host glycoproteins → attach to host, Virus proteins
Host - CORRECT ANSWER -species (or tissue) that is infected
viruses are specific because - CORRECT ANSWER -protein coat tells them what they can
attach to
general replication cycle of a virus - CORRECT ANSWER -1. attachment (to host through
receptors, capsid proteins or envelope proteins)
2. genome enters
3. host copies genome
4. new virus (proteins)
5. virus released
phage viruses - CORRECT ANSWER -infect bacteria
virulent phage - CORRECT ANSWER -kills host at end of cycle, only uses lytic cycle (ex.
T4)
Temperate phage - CORRECT ANSWER -uses either lysogenic cycle or lytic cycle,
depending on environment (ex. Lambda phage)
lytic cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Adsorption
, 2. Genome enters cell
3. Host cell produces viral proteins and replications viral DNA
4. New viruses assembled
5. Virus is released and kills host
(temperate or virulent)
lysogenic - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Attachment
2. Genome enters cell but the viral DNA is incorporated as a prophage
3. Integrates virus instructions into host DNA
4. Bacteria then reproduces with hidden prophage (many cycles)
5. Environmental change in the cell triggers the switch to lytic
6. Viruses will then emerge and kill the host cell
(temperate)
vertical transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic material from parent to
offspring (lysogenic)
Horizontal transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic material between
individuals of the same generation → not between parent and offspring (lytic)
PROKARYOTES - CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria and archaea
DNA in - CORRECT ANSWER -nucleiod
prokaryotes have (6) - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Ribosomes
2. Nucleoid: single haploid chromosome
3. Cytosol
4. Cell membrane (all) and cell wall (only some)
