Bio 116 Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which of the following statements describes a technical barrier to using gene therapy in humans?
a.) Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate.
b.) The expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled.
c.) Human cells do take up or incorporate foreign DNA into their genes.
d.) mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) The
expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled.
In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans, which of the following types of
genetic markers are typically sought by researchers?
a.) Specific SNPs found more often in person with a particular disorder than in healthy controls.
b.) Specific SNPs inherited more frequently by members within a family than by unrelated
individuals.
c.) SNPs found approximately 100-300 bases apart within the genome.
d.) SNPs where one allele is found in two or adjacent genes. - CORRECT ANSWER -a.)
Specific SNPs found more often in person with a particular disorder than in healthy controls.
One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature,
over most of the Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good crop genetic
engineering strategy if this is true?
a.) Genetically engineer crops so that the component used for food has the longest possible shell
life.
b.) Genetically engineer crops to grow and mature as quickly as possible.
c.) Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single crop type.
d.) Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long droughts. - CORRECT
ANSWER -c.) Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single
crop type.
Gene therapy requires the ability to do which of the following?
,a.) introduce the normal allele into the patient.
b.) express the introduced gene at any time within the patient.
c.) isolate the defective chromosome within the nuclei of the patient's cells.
d.) remove the vector used to introduce the non-defectove allele. - CORRECT ANSWER -
a.) introduce the normal allele into the patient.
A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct
dodo (a bird) To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living
birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA
available for testing?
a.) electroportation
b.) gel electrophoresis
c.) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d.) SNP analysis - CORRECT ANSWER -c.) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Which of the following measures has been adopted by researchers to address concerns over the
safety of using DNA technology?
a.) transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
b.) genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
c.) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments must be modified to ensure that they
cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
d.) experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned. -
CORRECT ANSWER -c.) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments must
be modified to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
Which of the following describes how DNA microarrays have helped advance genomic studies?
a.) they allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at
once.
b.) they can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome.
c.) they can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells.
,d.) they allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. - CORRECT
ANSWER -a.) they allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to
be compared at once.
If a researcher is examining cells form a breast tumor biopsy which of the following microarray
assay (DNA chip) outcomes would best support a diagnosis that the tumor is cancerous?
a.) the pattern of fluorescence indicates some cells are undergoing mitosis.
b.) the expression pattern in these cells differs from the pattern in non-tumor breast tissue.
c.) a group of cDNAs expression matches those in colon cancer samples from the same
population.
d.) a mitochondrial encoded gene shows significantly higher expression in these cells than in
liver cells. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) the expression pattern in these cells differs from
the pattern in non-tumor breast tissue.
Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the
following processes?
a.) plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction
b.) bacterial cell reproduction only
c.) plasmid replication only
d.) tranformation - CORRECT ANSWER -a.) plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction
Which of the following is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?
a.) DNA ligase
b.) reverse transcriptase
c.) restriction enzymes (endonucleases)
d.) helicase - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) reverse transcriptase
Which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?
a.) to sequence a DNA fragment
b.) to visualize DNA expression
, c.) to produce cDNA from mRNA
d.) to separate different sized DNA fragments - CORRECT ANSWER -a.) to sequence a
DNA fragment
Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?
a.) it binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers
b.) it is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR
c.) it is isolated from bacteria so there is a large supply
d.) it has regions that are complementary to the primers. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) it is
heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR
Which of the following outcomes can be achieved using RNAi methodology?
a.) increased cytoplasmic concentration of a desired protein
b.) addition of a new intron within a specific RNA sequence
c.) removal of an allele in a homozygous individual
d.) reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER -d.)
reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest.
Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?
a.) DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA
b.) electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments
c.) DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
d.) reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNA. - CORRECT ANSWER -c.)
DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because
a.) plant genes do not contain introns
b.) more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells
c.) plant cells have larger nuclei
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which of the following statements describes a technical barrier to using gene therapy in humans?
a.) Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate.
b.) The expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled.
c.) Human cells do take up or incorporate foreign DNA into their genes.
d.) mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) The
expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled.
In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans, which of the following types of
genetic markers are typically sought by researchers?
a.) Specific SNPs found more often in person with a particular disorder than in healthy controls.
b.) Specific SNPs inherited more frequently by members within a family than by unrelated
individuals.
c.) SNPs found approximately 100-300 bases apart within the genome.
d.) SNPs where one allele is found in two or adjacent genes. - CORRECT ANSWER -a.)
Specific SNPs found more often in person with a particular disorder than in healthy controls.
One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature,
over most of the Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good crop genetic
engineering strategy if this is true?
a.) Genetically engineer crops so that the component used for food has the longest possible shell
life.
b.) Genetically engineer crops to grow and mature as quickly as possible.
c.) Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single crop type.
d.) Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long droughts. - CORRECT
ANSWER -c.) Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single
crop type.
Gene therapy requires the ability to do which of the following?
,a.) introduce the normal allele into the patient.
b.) express the introduced gene at any time within the patient.
c.) isolate the defective chromosome within the nuclei of the patient's cells.
d.) remove the vector used to introduce the non-defectove allele. - CORRECT ANSWER -
a.) introduce the normal allele into the patient.
A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct
dodo (a bird) To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living
birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA
available for testing?
a.) electroportation
b.) gel electrophoresis
c.) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d.) SNP analysis - CORRECT ANSWER -c.) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Which of the following measures has been adopted by researchers to address concerns over the
safety of using DNA technology?
a.) transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
b.) genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
c.) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments must be modified to ensure that they
cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
d.) experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned. -
CORRECT ANSWER -c.) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments must
be modified to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
Which of the following describes how DNA microarrays have helped advance genomic studies?
a.) they allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at
once.
b.) they can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome.
c.) they can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells.
,d.) they allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. - CORRECT
ANSWER -a.) they allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to
be compared at once.
If a researcher is examining cells form a breast tumor biopsy which of the following microarray
assay (DNA chip) outcomes would best support a diagnosis that the tumor is cancerous?
a.) the pattern of fluorescence indicates some cells are undergoing mitosis.
b.) the expression pattern in these cells differs from the pattern in non-tumor breast tissue.
c.) a group of cDNAs expression matches those in colon cancer samples from the same
population.
d.) a mitochondrial encoded gene shows significantly higher expression in these cells than in
liver cells. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) the expression pattern in these cells differs from
the pattern in non-tumor breast tissue.
Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the
following processes?
a.) plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction
b.) bacterial cell reproduction only
c.) plasmid replication only
d.) tranformation - CORRECT ANSWER -a.) plasmid and bacterial cell reproduction
Which of the following is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?
a.) DNA ligase
b.) reverse transcriptase
c.) restriction enzymes (endonucleases)
d.) helicase - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) reverse transcriptase
Which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?
a.) to sequence a DNA fragment
b.) to visualize DNA expression
, c.) to produce cDNA from mRNA
d.) to separate different sized DNA fragments - CORRECT ANSWER -a.) to sequence a
DNA fragment
Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?
a.) it binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers
b.) it is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR
c.) it is isolated from bacteria so there is a large supply
d.) it has regions that are complementary to the primers. - CORRECT ANSWER -b.) it is
heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR
Which of the following outcomes can be achieved using RNAi methodology?
a.) increased cytoplasmic concentration of a desired protein
b.) addition of a new intron within a specific RNA sequence
c.) removal of an allele in a homozygous individual
d.) reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER -d.)
reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest.
Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?
a.) DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA
b.) electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments
c.) DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
d.) reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNA. - CORRECT ANSWER -c.)
DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because
a.) plant genes do not contain introns
b.) more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells
c.) plant cells have larger nuclei
