BIO 116 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is the difference between a lymphocyte and lymph? - CORRECT
ANSWER lymphocytes are the primary cells of the lymphatic system that respond to
pathogens, abnormal body cells, and toxins. lymphocytes are surrounded by lymph which is
interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vessel
list the components of the lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER lymphocytes, lymph,
lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs (red bone marrow and thymus), and
secondary lymphoid tissues and organs (lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT, appendix, and spleen)
what is the function of the lymphatic vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic vessels
carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system
what is the function of the overlapping endothelial cells in the lymphatic cappillaries? -
CORRECT ANSWER region of overlap acts as a one-way valve that permits entry of fluid
and solute but prevents the return of these materials back into the intracellular space
what structure prevents backflow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels? - CORRECT
ANSWER valves
compare lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine with those found elsewhere. - CORRECT
ANSWER lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lacteals and they transport
lipids. lymphatic capillaries elsewhere in the body are associated with blood capillary networks
describe the drainage of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct - CORRECT
ANSWER the right lymphatic duct collects from the right side of the body superior to the
diaphragm andthe thoacic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm and from
the left side of the body superior to the diaphragm
name the two large lymphatic vessels in which the lymphatic trunks empty - CORRECT
ANSWER the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks empty
,into the right lymphatic duct. the left bronchomediatinal, left subclavian, and left jugular trunks
empty into the thoracic duct
explain lymphedema - CORRECT ANSWER accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by
blocked lymphatic drainage; affected areas become swollen and distended and sometimes
swelling can become permanent
identify the three main classes of lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER t cells (cell
mediated immunity), B cells (antibody-mediated immunity), natural killer cells (immune
surveillance)
what tissues are involved in lymphopoiesis? - CORRECT ANSWER red bone marrow,
thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissues
which cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER b
cells
name the lymphoid tissue that protects the epithelia lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and
reproductive tracts - CORRECT ANSWER mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
define tonsil and name the 5 tonsils - CORRECT ANSWER tonsils are large lymphoid
nodules in the walls of the pharynx; pharyngeal tonsil (1), palatine tonsil (2), and lingual tonsils
(2)
trace the path of lymph through a lymph node, beginning at the afferent lymphatics - CORRECT
ANSWER afferent lymphatics subcapsular space, outer cortex, paracortex, medullary
sinus, efferent lymphatics
where is the thymus located? - CORRECT ANSWER located in the mediastinum posterior
to the sternum
, describe the gross anatomy of the thymus - CORRECT ANSWER The thymus is a pink,
grainy organ. A capsule covers the thymus and divides it into two lobes, and fibrous partitions
called septa divide the lobes into lobules.
which cells maintain the blood thymus barrier? - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial reticular
cells in the cortex maintain the blood thymus barrier
what are the functions of the spleen? - CORRECT ANSWER removes abnormal red blood
cells and other blood components by phagocytosis, stores iron recycled from red blood cells,
initiates immune response by B cells and T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood
describe red and white pulp found in the spleen - CORRECT ANSWER red pulp contains
large quantities of RBCs and has macrophages while white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules
with lymphocytes
beginning at the trabecular arteries, trace the path of blood through the spleen - CORRECT
ANSWER trabecular arteries--> central arteries--> capillaries--> reticular tissue of red
pulp--> sinusoids-->trabecular veins
distinguish between innate and adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER innate
immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one threat from another. However, adaptive
immunity is specific and protects against particular threats
how does innate immunity protect us from disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Innate
immunity protects us using physical barriers such as skin, phagocytes that engulf pathogens,
immune surveillance of abnormal cells, interferons to defend from viruses, complement to assist
antibodies, inflammation to limit the spread of infection, and fever.
a child falls off her bike and skins her knee. which form of immunity can be activated
immediately? - CORRECT ANSWER innate immunity
how does the integumentary system protect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER the
integumentary system provides a physical barrier that stops pathogens and toxins from getting in
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is the difference between a lymphocyte and lymph? - CORRECT
ANSWER lymphocytes are the primary cells of the lymphatic system that respond to
pathogens, abnormal body cells, and toxins. lymphocytes are surrounded by lymph which is
interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vessel
list the components of the lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER lymphocytes, lymph,
lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs (red bone marrow and thymus), and
secondary lymphoid tissues and organs (lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT, appendix, and spleen)
what is the function of the lymphatic vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic vessels
carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system
what is the function of the overlapping endothelial cells in the lymphatic cappillaries? -
CORRECT ANSWER region of overlap acts as a one-way valve that permits entry of fluid
and solute but prevents the return of these materials back into the intracellular space
what structure prevents backflow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels? - CORRECT
ANSWER valves
compare lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine with those found elsewhere. - CORRECT
ANSWER lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lacteals and they transport
lipids. lymphatic capillaries elsewhere in the body are associated with blood capillary networks
describe the drainage of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct - CORRECT
ANSWER the right lymphatic duct collects from the right side of the body superior to the
diaphragm andthe thoacic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm and from
the left side of the body superior to the diaphragm
name the two large lymphatic vessels in which the lymphatic trunks empty - CORRECT
ANSWER the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks empty
,into the right lymphatic duct. the left bronchomediatinal, left subclavian, and left jugular trunks
empty into the thoracic duct
explain lymphedema - CORRECT ANSWER accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by
blocked lymphatic drainage; affected areas become swollen and distended and sometimes
swelling can become permanent
identify the three main classes of lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER t cells (cell
mediated immunity), B cells (antibody-mediated immunity), natural killer cells (immune
surveillance)
what tissues are involved in lymphopoiesis? - CORRECT ANSWER red bone marrow,
thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissues
which cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER b
cells
name the lymphoid tissue that protects the epithelia lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and
reproductive tracts - CORRECT ANSWER mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
define tonsil and name the 5 tonsils - CORRECT ANSWER tonsils are large lymphoid
nodules in the walls of the pharynx; pharyngeal tonsil (1), palatine tonsil (2), and lingual tonsils
(2)
trace the path of lymph through a lymph node, beginning at the afferent lymphatics - CORRECT
ANSWER afferent lymphatics subcapsular space, outer cortex, paracortex, medullary
sinus, efferent lymphatics
where is the thymus located? - CORRECT ANSWER located in the mediastinum posterior
to the sternum
, describe the gross anatomy of the thymus - CORRECT ANSWER The thymus is a pink,
grainy organ. A capsule covers the thymus and divides it into two lobes, and fibrous partitions
called septa divide the lobes into lobules.
which cells maintain the blood thymus barrier? - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial reticular
cells in the cortex maintain the blood thymus barrier
what are the functions of the spleen? - CORRECT ANSWER removes abnormal red blood
cells and other blood components by phagocytosis, stores iron recycled from red blood cells,
initiates immune response by B cells and T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood
describe red and white pulp found in the spleen - CORRECT ANSWER red pulp contains
large quantities of RBCs and has macrophages while white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules
with lymphocytes
beginning at the trabecular arteries, trace the path of blood through the spleen - CORRECT
ANSWER trabecular arteries--> central arteries--> capillaries--> reticular tissue of red
pulp--> sinusoids-->trabecular veins
distinguish between innate and adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER innate
immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one threat from another. However, adaptive
immunity is specific and protects against particular threats
how does innate immunity protect us from disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Innate
immunity protects us using physical barriers such as skin, phagocytes that engulf pathogens,
immune surveillance of abnormal cells, interferons to defend from viruses, complement to assist
antibodies, inflammation to limit the spread of infection, and fever.
a child falls off her bike and skins her knee. which form of immunity can be activated
immediately? - CORRECT ANSWER innate immunity
how does the integumentary system protect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER the
integumentary system provides a physical barrier that stops pathogens and toxins from getting in
