BIO 353 Cell Bio Exam 3 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
DNA Polyermase - CORRECT ANSWER --Needs a primer
-Proofreads with 3' - 5' exonnuclease
The genetic code is - CORRECT ANSWER -Non-overlapping and degenerate.
The most abundant energy-rich small molecule (activated carriers) produced by the TCA cycle
is? - CORRECT ANSWER -NADH
Which of the following is the correct order of levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic
chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleosome → 30 nm chromatin fiber → looped
domains → mitotic chromosome
What type of bonds do nucleotides form? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phosphodiester bonds
through 3' OH and 5' phosphate.
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA base composition varies from species to
species.
Same species have equal percentage body composition.
Composition of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Held together by Hydrogen bonds. Triple
bonded C-G, double bonded A-T. Overall negative charge.
Histones - CORRECT ANSWER -Package, coil, and fold DNA. Rich in Lysine and
Arginine.4 core histone particles, with 2 of each in the octamer.
, Definition of a Gene - CORRECT ANSWER -Segment of DNA that contains instructions
for making a protein or an RNA molecule.
Chromatin Remodeling Complexes - CORRECT ANSWER -Adjust chromatin structure
by pushing on wrapped DNA around nucleosome to make DNA accessible to proteins. Need A
LOT of ATP. Can also be condensed by same mechanism.
Histone Modifications - CORRECT ANSWER -4 core histone tails can undergo covalent
modifications. Serve as docking sites, may increase/reduce affinity for nucleosome.
Heterochromtin - CORRECT ANSWER -Compact regions containing no
gene/transcriptional activity. Concentrated near telomeres and centromeres.
Euchromatin - CORRECT ANSWER -Loosely packed, transcriptionally active DNA.
Telomere - CORRECT ANSWER -Repeated sequence located at the end of chromosomes.
Caps chromosomes to stabilize ends. No genes for proteins.
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER -Repeated DNA sequence. Recruits two copies of
each duplicated chromosome. Recruits kinetochore to attach mitotic spindle to chromosome.
What do RNA Polymerases do? - CORRECT ANSWER -Catalyze phosphodiester bonds
between nucleotides forming the RNA backbone.
Promoter - CORRECT ANSWER -Region of gene that recruits machinery including RNA
Polymerase to initiate transcription.
Core Promoter and Components - CORRECT ANSWER -Minimal sequence required for
basal level gene expression.
INR: initiator elements near the transcription start site.
TATA Box: 25-30 bp upstream of transcription site.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
DNA Polyermase - CORRECT ANSWER --Needs a primer
-Proofreads with 3' - 5' exonnuclease
The genetic code is - CORRECT ANSWER -Non-overlapping and degenerate.
The most abundant energy-rich small molecule (activated carriers) produced by the TCA cycle
is? - CORRECT ANSWER -NADH
Which of the following is the correct order of levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic
chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleosome → 30 nm chromatin fiber → looped
domains → mitotic chromosome
What type of bonds do nucleotides form? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phosphodiester bonds
through 3' OH and 5' phosphate.
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA base composition varies from species to
species.
Same species have equal percentage body composition.
Composition of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Held together by Hydrogen bonds. Triple
bonded C-G, double bonded A-T. Overall negative charge.
Histones - CORRECT ANSWER -Package, coil, and fold DNA. Rich in Lysine and
Arginine.4 core histone particles, with 2 of each in the octamer.
, Definition of a Gene - CORRECT ANSWER -Segment of DNA that contains instructions
for making a protein or an RNA molecule.
Chromatin Remodeling Complexes - CORRECT ANSWER -Adjust chromatin structure
by pushing on wrapped DNA around nucleosome to make DNA accessible to proteins. Need A
LOT of ATP. Can also be condensed by same mechanism.
Histone Modifications - CORRECT ANSWER -4 core histone tails can undergo covalent
modifications. Serve as docking sites, may increase/reduce affinity for nucleosome.
Heterochromtin - CORRECT ANSWER -Compact regions containing no
gene/transcriptional activity. Concentrated near telomeres and centromeres.
Euchromatin - CORRECT ANSWER -Loosely packed, transcriptionally active DNA.
Telomere - CORRECT ANSWER -Repeated sequence located at the end of chromosomes.
Caps chromosomes to stabilize ends. No genes for proteins.
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER -Repeated DNA sequence. Recruits two copies of
each duplicated chromosome. Recruits kinetochore to attach mitotic spindle to chromosome.
What do RNA Polymerases do? - CORRECT ANSWER -Catalyze phosphodiester bonds
between nucleotides forming the RNA backbone.
Promoter - CORRECT ANSWER -Region of gene that recruits machinery including RNA
Polymerase to initiate transcription.
Core Promoter and Components - CORRECT ANSWER -Minimal sequence required for
basal level gene expression.
INR: initiator elements near the transcription start site.
TATA Box: 25-30 bp upstream of transcription site.
