DMS 242 FINAL questions and answers
A+ passed
Can endometriomas effect fertility?
yes
4 factors that can affect male fertility
low sperm count, poor sperm motility, obstruction of the vas deferens, poor quality of sperm
due to age
Factors of female infertility
Cervical mucus, cervical stenosis, uterine anomalies, fibroids, endometrial factors, luteal phase
defects, polyps, synechiae, obstruction of fallopian tubes, PID, endometriosis, adhesions,
hydrosalpinx, tubal ligation, PCOS, anorexia, obesity, endometriomas, anovulation
Antral follicles are ovarian follicles measuring-
2-10mm
During a fertility workup scan, US reveals a thickened homogenous endometrium with poorly
defined outer walls and no central echogenic line. What does this likely indicate relative to the
patient's cycle and IVF timing?
The patient has ovulated already in this cycle / not ideal timing for IVF
,4 common causes for endometrial fluid in reproductive age women
Asherman's syndrome/ adhesions, hydrosalpinx, cesarean scar, intrauterine infection
In ultrasound SIS stands for
saline infused sonohysterogram/graphy
TORCH syndrome
group of infections that when acquired congenitally cause significant morbidity and mortality
T oxoplasmosis
O (other) Syphilis, VZV, HIV
R ubella
C ytomegalovirus
H erpes simplex virus
low risk for mother, high risk for baby
Congenital birth defects that can be caused by maternal diabetes mellitus
caudal regression, neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformations, skeletal anomalies, GU
anomalies, GI anomalies, single umbilical artery.
,Complications of maternal hypertension
Oligohydramnios, IUGR, premature labor, increased risk of placental abruption, small or thin
placenta, stillbirth
The preferred time to measure the AFC is during cycle days-
2-4 (3 is perfect)
Uterine arteries have higher resistance flow during the proliferative phase or the secretory
phase?
proliferative phase
(think bc secretory phase is prepping for your period your body makes it easier to access the
blood.)
T/F
Women with irregular menstrual bleeding are more likely to have decreased perfusion of
uterine and sub endometrial blood vessels
irregular doesn't mean less it just mean unpredictable
T/F
TV ultrasound is utilized for Antral Follicular count which is standard measurement for ovarian
reserve
true
, T/F
The number of primordial follicles determines ovarian reserve, and these follicles are easily
seen and counted on ultrasound.
false, primordial follicles are small and difficult to be seen by ultrasound there are too many to
easily count
3 line sign indicates cycle to be in the ______ phase and continues to the day of ______
follicular, ovulation
A dominant follicle is usually formed by day _____ and grows an average of ______ in diameter
per day until it reaches a mean diameter of _____ at the time of ovulation in a
natural/unstimulated cycle.
8-12, 1-4 mm, 20-14mm
An endometrium which is thickened and homogenous with poorly defined outer walls and
absence of echogenic central line indicates the patient_________
has ovulated during this cycle
SIS with 2D/3D ultrasound can be performed around days 5-9 as a fertility evaluation method
t/f
True
A+ passed
Can endometriomas effect fertility?
yes
4 factors that can affect male fertility
low sperm count, poor sperm motility, obstruction of the vas deferens, poor quality of sperm
due to age
Factors of female infertility
Cervical mucus, cervical stenosis, uterine anomalies, fibroids, endometrial factors, luteal phase
defects, polyps, synechiae, obstruction of fallopian tubes, PID, endometriosis, adhesions,
hydrosalpinx, tubal ligation, PCOS, anorexia, obesity, endometriomas, anovulation
Antral follicles are ovarian follicles measuring-
2-10mm
During a fertility workup scan, US reveals a thickened homogenous endometrium with poorly
defined outer walls and no central echogenic line. What does this likely indicate relative to the
patient's cycle and IVF timing?
The patient has ovulated already in this cycle / not ideal timing for IVF
,4 common causes for endometrial fluid in reproductive age women
Asherman's syndrome/ adhesions, hydrosalpinx, cesarean scar, intrauterine infection
In ultrasound SIS stands for
saline infused sonohysterogram/graphy
TORCH syndrome
group of infections that when acquired congenitally cause significant morbidity and mortality
T oxoplasmosis
O (other) Syphilis, VZV, HIV
R ubella
C ytomegalovirus
H erpes simplex virus
low risk for mother, high risk for baby
Congenital birth defects that can be caused by maternal diabetes mellitus
caudal regression, neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformations, skeletal anomalies, GU
anomalies, GI anomalies, single umbilical artery.
,Complications of maternal hypertension
Oligohydramnios, IUGR, premature labor, increased risk of placental abruption, small or thin
placenta, stillbirth
The preferred time to measure the AFC is during cycle days-
2-4 (3 is perfect)
Uterine arteries have higher resistance flow during the proliferative phase or the secretory
phase?
proliferative phase
(think bc secretory phase is prepping for your period your body makes it easier to access the
blood.)
T/F
Women with irregular menstrual bleeding are more likely to have decreased perfusion of
uterine and sub endometrial blood vessels
irregular doesn't mean less it just mean unpredictable
T/F
TV ultrasound is utilized for Antral Follicular count which is standard measurement for ovarian
reserve
true
, T/F
The number of primordial follicles determines ovarian reserve, and these follicles are easily
seen and counted on ultrasound.
false, primordial follicles are small and difficult to be seen by ultrasound there are too many to
easily count
3 line sign indicates cycle to be in the ______ phase and continues to the day of ______
follicular, ovulation
A dominant follicle is usually formed by day _____ and grows an average of ______ in diameter
per day until it reaches a mean diameter of _____ at the time of ovulation in a
natural/unstimulated cycle.
8-12, 1-4 mm, 20-14mm
An endometrium which is thickened and homogenous with poorly defined outer walls and
absence of echogenic central line indicates the patient_________
has ovulated during this cycle
SIS with 2D/3D ultrasound can be performed around days 5-9 as a fertility evaluation method
t/f
True
