Unlocking Success: Your Ultimate Guide to Acing the
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
angina could be triggered by ? - anseating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - anstypically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - ansit is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - ans1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - answeak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - ansmuscle weakness
fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - ansheart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - anspotentiate fluid and electrolyte
imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - ansdecreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask
the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly? - ansincrease
risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of? -
anshyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - ansstop angiotensin 1 from converting to
angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance
and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - ansinstruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - ansretinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - ansdecrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ
failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon. Why? - ansto
restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - ansit triggers the valsalva maneuver
which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart and
results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - ansorthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - anscould suggest dehydration or
overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - ansheart failure
,Unlocking Success: Your Ultimate Guide to Acing the
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what? - ansmeasurement of the
volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - ansin ICU and allows for direct cardiac
monitoring
homocysteine - ansdamage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart? - ansdirection
of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - ansto determine the hearts ability to respond to increase
oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? - ansBrain Natriuretic
Peptide (BNP)
these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order to rid the body of excess
fluid? - ansBrain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - ansBNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart
failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? - anspatients who are allergic to
iodine, shellfish or seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - ansnephrotoxic
Premature Ventricular Contractions could trigger ? - anslife threatening dysrthymias
therapeutic INR levels for coumadin when used for a-fib is? - ansINR 2-3
complication that may occur following cardiac catherization? - ansfatal dysrhythmias
Adventitious sound heard of the lower airway narrowing? - answheezing
fluid accumulation in the lower basis of the lungs, you will hear what sound? - anscrackles
what suggest increase pressure and filling volumes in the ventricles? - ansJVD
Peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
scrotal edema
shortness of breath
crackles
S3 in older adults are significant and may suggest? - ansheart failure
Valve disorders contribute to? - ansturbulent blood flow and heart murmurs
what is an MI? - ansblockages or constriction of the coronary arteries
unresolved ischemia leads to? - ansnecrosis of myocardial cells and the release of enzymes
(CK-MB creatine) and proteins (Troponin, Troponin 1, kinase, and myoglobin) into the blood
stream
blood flow through the right atrium is done through? - ansthe inferior and superior vena cava
this initiates the impulse that causes atrial contraction? - ansSinostrial (SA) node
the SA node is observed by what wave on the the EKG? - ansthe P wave
Depolorization results in? - anscardiac contraction
Repolarization results in? - ansreturn of the chambers to a resting state
, Unlocking Success: Your Ultimate Guide to Acing the
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
Cardiac output? - anstotal amount of blood that leaves the ventricles in one minute. Normal is
4-6 L
what disorders will affect the cardiac output? - ansdisorders that impair the heart rate or
stroke volume
stimulation of this nervous system results in what? - ansparasympathetic nervous system
causes the vagal nerve innervation and slowing of heart rate
Average stroke volume is? - ans60-130 ml
medications that impair venous return could lead to ______ and a decrease in what? -
anscould lead to a decrease in preolad and an decrease in cardiac output
S1 sound is the closing of what valves? - ansatrioventricular (AV) valves
S2 sound is the closing of what valves? - anspulmonic valves
a decrease in pulse pressure suggest a decrease in __________ and ________. - ansa decrease
in stroke volume and cardiac output
an increase in pulse pressure increases ______ and _______? - ansincrease in stroke volume
and cardiac output
ST segment depression suggest? - ansmyocardial ischemia
ST segment elevation suggest? - ansmyocardial infarction
what does an elevated c-reactive protein suggest? - ansinflammatiion
1 lb is equivalent to how many calroies - ans3500 calories
why is a cardiac catherization performed? - ansfor a dx of coronary artery disease and extent
of the coronary artery occlusion
Diets in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease? - ansdecrease sodium,
decrease fat, and decrease cholesterol
what is the pulse pressure? - ansreflection of the stroke volume and cardiac output. systolic
minus diastolic
chronic reduction of oxygenation and nutrients to the skin results in? - anshear loss
dry scaling skin
ulcerations
brittle nails
assess pulse using what type of palpation? - anslight palpation
How do you assess for changes in arterial blood flow? - ansthe 6 Ps:
1. pain
2. pallor
3. parethesia
4. paralysis
5. poikilothermia/polar
6. pulselessness
changes in cardiac output impairs? - anslevel of consciousness and mental status
This hormone contributes to vasodilation and enhances coronary blood flow? - ansEstrogen
Ejection fraction less than what percent is fatal and it indicates what? - ansless than 40% and
it indicates impaired left ventricular function
what suppress cardiac contractility and could lead to a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac
output? - ansHypoxemia and acidosis
where do you auscultate the apical pulse? - ansat the intersection of the fifth intercostal and
midclavicular line
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
angina could be triggered by ? - anseating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - anstypically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - ansit is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - ans1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - answeak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - ansmuscle weakness
fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - ansheart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - anspotentiate fluid and electrolyte
imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - ansdecreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask
the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly? - ansincrease
risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of? -
anshyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - ansstop angiotensin 1 from converting to
angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance
and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - ansinstruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - ansretinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - ansdecrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ
failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon. Why? - ansto
restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - ansit triggers the valsalva maneuver
which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart and
results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - ansorthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - anscould suggest dehydration or
overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - ansheart failure
,Unlocking Success: Your Ultimate Guide to Acing the
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what? - ansmeasurement of the
volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - ansin ICU and allows for direct cardiac
monitoring
homocysteine - ansdamage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart? - ansdirection
of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - ansto determine the hearts ability to respond to increase
oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? - ansBrain Natriuretic
Peptide (BNP)
these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order to rid the body of excess
fluid? - ansBrain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - ansBNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart
failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? - anspatients who are allergic to
iodine, shellfish or seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - ansnephrotoxic
Premature Ventricular Contractions could trigger ? - anslife threatening dysrthymias
therapeutic INR levels for coumadin when used for a-fib is? - ansINR 2-3
complication that may occur following cardiac catherization? - ansfatal dysrhythmias
Adventitious sound heard of the lower airway narrowing? - answheezing
fluid accumulation in the lower basis of the lungs, you will hear what sound? - anscrackles
what suggest increase pressure and filling volumes in the ventricles? - ansJVD
Peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
scrotal edema
shortness of breath
crackles
S3 in older adults are significant and may suggest? - ansheart failure
Valve disorders contribute to? - ansturbulent blood flow and heart murmurs
what is an MI? - ansblockages or constriction of the coronary arteries
unresolved ischemia leads to? - ansnecrosis of myocardial cells and the release of enzymes
(CK-MB creatine) and proteins (Troponin, Troponin 1, kinase, and myoglobin) into the blood
stream
blood flow through the right atrium is done through? - ansthe inferior and superior vena cava
this initiates the impulse that causes atrial contraction? - ansSinostrial (SA) node
the SA node is observed by what wave on the the EKG? - ansthe P wave
Depolorization results in? - anscardiac contraction
Repolarization results in? - ansreturn of the chambers to a resting state
, Unlocking Success: Your Ultimate Guide to Acing the
Med-Surg Exam 2 at Jersey College (2025) - 100%
Correct Answers Revealed.
A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide for
Guaranteed Success pass with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026.
Cardiac output? - anstotal amount of blood that leaves the ventricles in one minute. Normal is
4-6 L
what disorders will affect the cardiac output? - ansdisorders that impair the heart rate or
stroke volume
stimulation of this nervous system results in what? - ansparasympathetic nervous system
causes the vagal nerve innervation and slowing of heart rate
Average stroke volume is? - ans60-130 ml
medications that impair venous return could lead to ______ and a decrease in what? -
anscould lead to a decrease in preolad and an decrease in cardiac output
S1 sound is the closing of what valves? - ansatrioventricular (AV) valves
S2 sound is the closing of what valves? - anspulmonic valves
a decrease in pulse pressure suggest a decrease in __________ and ________. - ansa decrease
in stroke volume and cardiac output
an increase in pulse pressure increases ______ and _______? - ansincrease in stroke volume
and cardiac output
ST segment depression suggest? - ansmyocardial ischemia
ST segment elevation suggest? - ansmyocardial infarction
what does an elevated c-reactive protein suggest? - ansinflammatiion
1 lb is equivalent to how many calroies - ans3500 calories
why is a cardiac catherization performed? - ansfor a dx of coronary artery disease and extent
of the coronary artery occlusion
Diets in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease? - ansdecrease sodium,
decrease fat, and decrease cholesterol
what is the pulse pressure? - ansreflection of the stroke volume and cardiac output. systolic
minus diastolic
chronic reduction of oxygenation and nutrients to the skin results in? - anshear loss
dry scaling skin
ulcerations
brittle nails
assess pulse using what type of palpation? - anslight palpation
How do you assess for changes in arterial blood flow? - ansthe 6 Ps:
1. pain
2. pallor
3. parethesia
4. paralysis
5. poikilothermia/polar
6. pulselessness
changes in cardiac output impairs? - anslevel of consciousness and mental status
This hormone contributes to vasodilation and enhances coronary blood flow? - ansEstrogen
Ejection fraction less than what percent is fatal and it indicates what? - ansless than 40% and
it indicates impaired left ventricular function
what suppress cardiac contractility and could lead to a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac
output? - ansHypoxemia and acidosis
where do you auscultate the apical pulse? - ansat the intersection of the fifth intercostal and
midclavicular line
