Pharmacotherapeutics Exam latest questions and answers|verified|100% correct

Pharmacotherapeutics Exam latest questions and
answers|verified|100% correct
Common chronic conditions of the elderly - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B


HTN, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, COPD, stroke
B B B B B B B B




Leading causes of death in individuals older than 65 yoa - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B B B B


Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer's, unintentional injuries, i
B B B B B B B B B B B


nfluenza, and pneumonia B B




Changes in body composition with age - ANSWER-- decreased total body water
B B B B B B B B B B B




- decreased lean body mass
B B B B




- increased body fat
B B B




- decreased serum albumin
B B B




Cardiovascular changes with age - ANSWER-- decreased response to stress
B B B B B B B B B




- decreased baroreceptor activity (increased risk of orthostatic hypotension)
B B B B B B B B




- decreased cardiac output
B B B




- increased vascular resistance
B B B




- decreased left ventricle compliance
B B B B




CNS changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased size of hippocampus
B B B B B B B B B




- decreased number of receptors of all types
B B B B B B B




- increased sensitivity of remaining receptors
B B B B B




- decreased short-term memory, coding and retrieval, and executive function
B B B B B B B B B




- altered sleep patterns
B B B




- increased BBB permeability
B B B




Endocrine changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased hormones
B B B B B B B




- altered insulin signaling
B B B




- decreased metabolic rate
B B B




Gastrointestinal changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased gastric motility
B B B B B B B B

,- decreased vitamin absorption by active transport
B B B B B B




- decreased splanchnic (internal organ) blood flow
B B B B B B




- decreased bowel surface area
B B B B




Hepatic changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased hepatic size
B B B B B B B B




- decreased hepatic blood flow
B B B B




- decreased phase 1 metabolism
B B B B




Pulmonary changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased respiratory muscle strength
B B B B B B B B B




- decreased chest wall compliance
B B B B




- decreased arterial oxygenation
B B B




- impaired CO2 elimination
B B B




- decreased lung tissue elasticity
B B B B




Renal changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased glomerular filtration rate
B B B B B B B B B




- decreased renal blood flow
B B B B




- decreased filtration fraction
B B B




- decreased tubular secretory function
B B B B




- decreased renal mass
B B B




Genitourinary changes with aging - ANSWER-- atrophy of vagina
B B B B B B B B




- prostatic hypertrophy
B B




- detrusor hyperactivity
B B




- decreased bladder muscle tone
B B B B




Pharmacokinetic absorption changes with aging - ANSWER-- mostly passive absorption
B B B B B B B B B




- decreased nutrient absorption by active transport
B B B B B B




- decreased first-pass effect
B B B




Pharmacokinetic distribution changes with aging - ANSWER-- water-soluble drugs have decreased Vd
B B B B B B B B B B B




- fat-soluble drugs have increased Vd
B B B B B

, Pharmacokinetic metabolism changes with aging - ANSWER-- decreased phase 1 metabolism
B B B B B B B B B B




- phase 2 pathways generally preserved
B B B B B




Frailty characteristics - ANSWER-- decreased muscle mass/strength
B B B B B B




- unintentional weight loss
B B B




- exhaustion
B




- slow motor performance
B B B




- low physical activity level
B B B B




Most used equation to estimate renal function - ANSWER-Cockcroft-Gault
B B B B B B B B B




(140-age)(kg)/72(SCr) X 0.85 (if female) B B B B




Stage 1 CKD eGFR - ANSWER-90 or higher (mild kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B B B




Stage 2 CKD eGFR - ANSWER-60-89 (mild kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B




Stage 3a CKD eGFR - ANSWER-45-59 (mild to moderate kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B B B




Stage 3b CKD eGFR - ANSWER-30-44 (moderate to severe kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B B B




Stage 4 CKD eGFR - ANSWER-15-29 (severe kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B




Stage 5 CKD eGFR - ANSWER-<15 (most severe kidney damage)
B B B B B B B B B




Drugs to avoid with CrCl <25-30 ml/min - ANSWER-
B B B B B B B B


apixaban, dabigatran, duloxetine, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, spironolactone, XR tramadol, triamterene
B B B B B B B B




Drugs with increased sensitivity in geriatric population - ANSWER-- antipsychotic drugs
B B B B B B B B B B




- benzodiazepines
B




- anesthetic agents
B B