NURS 334 Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Immunologic tissue defense
Inflammatory Response - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation does not necessarily mean
infection, inflammation is always present when you have an infection, but an infection is not
always present when you have inflammation
Sequential Response to cell injury:
Neutralizes and dilutes inflammatory agent
Removes necrotic materials
Establishes an environment suitable for healing and repair
Intensity of inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Depends on the extent and
severity of injury (can be severe or mild) and the reactive capacity of injured person
(immunocompromised people)
4 stages of inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Vascular response
Cellular response
Formation of exudate
Healing
Local clinical manifestations of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Redness because of
increased capillary permeability and vasodilation
Heat from increased cells at the site
Pain as a chemical mediator response
Swelling from the shift of fluid and exudate formation
Loss of function depending on the type of injury often from pain and swelling
,Systemic response from inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased WBC count-
increased release of WBCs from bone marrow trying to attack invasion
Malaise- overall feeling of not feeling good
Nausea and anorexia
Increased pulse and respiratory rate
Fever- also a sign that your body is doing what it is supposed to do
Beneficial aspects of fever - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased killing of microorganisms
Increased phagocytosis
Increased proliferation of T cells
Geriatric population will have a blunted response= won't see as high of numbers
Acute Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Healing occurs in 2-3 weeks, usually leaving
no residual damage
Neutrophils are predominant cell type at the site of inflammation
Chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - May last for years
Injurious agent persists or repeats injury to site
Predominant cell types involved are lymphocytes and macrophages
May result from changes in immune system (autoimmune disease)
Prevention of Injury for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Encourage use of ambulatory
aids (cane, walker)
Immunizations
Adequate nutrition (fluid intake and additional calories)
Early recognition of inflammation
Immediate treatment
Proper storage and preparation of food
,Secondary Prevention of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - CBC, CRP, ESR
MRI, CT, PET scan
CBC with differential for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Might not have an increase
in WBC right away
CRP with inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Marker for inflammation in the body
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Faster than normal rate may
indicate inflammation in the body
Tertiary intervention for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Observation
Vital signs (pulse, respiration, blood pressure)
Fever management (treat at about 101, hypothalamus tells brain to raise body temperature)
SEPSIS screening
Drug therapy for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Aspirin
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Goal is to block prostaglandin synthesis which happens in the hypothalamus, most drugs focus
on hypothalamus and elsewhere in the body, both for antipyretic effect and decreased
inflammatory response
Corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease prostaglandins synthesis and cytokine
production, however, they do not interfere with tissue granulation and have immunosuppressive
effect
Short-term to boost the healing, not something you want them to be on long term because of the
immunosuppressive effect
, RICE - CORRECT ANSWER - Rest, Ice, Compression and immobilization, Elevate
Dressing changes - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequency is ordered by doctor
Keep site clean, dry, and intact
Gives opportunity to observe site when doing dressing changes
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Open wound
Surgical sites that did not heal correctly
Pressure injury
Pulls fluid out and ensures wound is clan and that exudate is not sitting in there
Changes out a minimum of weekly
Risk factors for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - All people are at risk
Those at risk for severe or ineffective inflammatory response are very young, very old,
immunocompromised, uninsured/underinsured
Healing Process of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - The final phase of inflammation
Includes two major components: regeneration, repair
Regeneration - CORRECT ANSWER - replacement of lost cells and tissues
Repair - CORRECT ANSWER - Replacement of cells with connective tissue
Can result in scar formation
Cellulitis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER - Hot and tender
Erythematous
Edematous
Chills
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Immunologic tissue defense
Inflammatory Response - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation does not necessarily mean
infection, inflammation is always present when you have an infection, but an infection is not
always present when you have inflammation
Sequential Response to cell injury:
Neutralizes and dilutes inflammatory agent
Removes necrotic materials
Establishes an environment suitable for healing and repair
Intensity of inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Depends on the extent and
severity of injury (can be severe or mild) and the reactive capacity of injured person
(immunocompromised people)
4 stages of inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Vascular response
Cellular response
Formation of exudate
Healing
Local clinical manifestations of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Redness because of
increased capillary permeability and vasodilation
Heat from increased cells at the site
Pain as a chemical mediator response
Swelling from the shift of fluid and exudate formation
Loss of function depending on the type of injury often from pain and swelling
,Systemic response from inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased WBC count-
increased release of WBCs from bone marrow trying to attack invasion
Malaise- overall feeling of not feeling good
Nausea and anorexia
Increased pulse and respiratory rate
Fever- also a sign that your body is doing what it is supposed to do
Beneficial aspects of fever - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased killing of microorganisms
Increased phagocytosis
Increased proliferation of T cells
Geriatric population will have a blunted response= won't see as high of numbers
Acute Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Healing occurs in 2-3 weeks, usually leaving
no residual damage
Neutrophils are predominant cell type at the site of inflammation
Chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - May last for years
Injurious agent persists or repeats injury to site
Predominant cell types involved are lymphocytes and macrophages
May result from changes in immune system (autoimmune disease)
Prevention of Injury for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Encourage use of ambulatory
aids (cane, walker)
Immunizations
Adequate nutrition (fluid intake and additional calories)
Early recognition of inflammation
Immediate treatment
Proper storage and preparation of food
,Secondary Prevention of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - CBC, CRP, ESR
MRI, CT, PET scan
CBC with differential for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Might not have an increase
in WBC right away
CRP with inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Marker for inflammation in the body
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - CORRECT ANSWER - Faster than normal rate may
indicate inflammation in the body
Tertiary intervention for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Observation
Vital signs (pulse, respiration, blood pressure)
Fever management (treat at about 101, hypothalamus tells brain to raise body temperature)
SEPSIS screening
Drug therapy for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Aspirin
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Goal is to block prostaglandin synthesis which happens in the hypothalamus, most drugs focus
on hypothalamus and elsewhere in the body, both for antipyretic effect and decreased
inflammatory response
Corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease prostaglandins synthesis and cytokine
production, however, they do not interfere with tissue granulation and have immunosuppressive
effect
Short-term to boost the healing, not something you want them to be on long term because of the
immunosuppressive effect
, RICE - CORRECT ANSWER - Rest, Ice, Compression and immobilization, Elevate
Dressing changes - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequency is ordered by doctor
Keep site clean, dry, and intact
Gives opportunity to observe site when doing dressing changes
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Open wound
Surgical sites that did not heal correctly
Pressure injury
Pulls fluid out and ensures wound is clan and that exudate is not sitting in there
Changes out a minimum of weekly
Risk factors for inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - All people are at risk
Those at risk for severe or ineffective inflammatory response are very young, very old,
immunocompromised, uninsured/underinsured
Healing Process of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - The final phase of inflammation
Includes two major components: regeneration, repair
Regeneration - CORRECT ANSWER - replacement of lost cells and tissues
Repair - CORRECT ANSWER - Replacement of cells with connective tissue
Can result in scar formation
Cellulitis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER - Hot and tender
Erythematous
Edematous
Chills
