ANSC 3180 Midterm EXAM Questions AND Correct Answers
1) Are energy requirements of animals with widely differing weights directly
related to body weight?
2) Smaller animals have a higher or lower energy requirement for basal
metabolism per unit body weight than larger animals?* - ✔✔ 1) No (a 100kg
animal does not need 2x the energy of a 50kg animal)
2) higher
1) Atwater factors are recommended for use if?
2) Factors can influence what?* - ✔✔ 1) no other data are available, but
these are just predictors
2) how accurate this equation will be for predicting ME content for a
particular animal's food item:
-species specific nutrient digestibility (e.g. fat digestibility for felids is lower
than for canids)
-carbohydrate content/availability (e.g. presence of non-starch
polysaccharides)
1) Besides mammals and birds, what other animals can be homeotherms?
2) Describe homeothermic ectotherms* - ✔✔ 1) some tropical reptiles/fish
-therefore homeotherms are not necessarily endothermic
2) -some can maintain a near-constant body temp using behavioural
mechanisms only, no matter the environmental temp (some reptiles)
-some remain in temperature-constant environments, so maintain a constant
internal temp (fish in tropical waters, or very deep waters)
1) BMR is the energy required by an endothermic animal that is:?
2) What is standard metabolic rate?* - ✔✔ 1) -at rest (but awake)
,-in a post-absorptive state (ideally after a 12 hour fast; not
eating/digesting/metabolizing/absorbing food)
-in a thermoneutral environment
-without physical or psychological stress
2) for ectotherms
-in a thermoneutral environment at a specified ambient environmental
temperature
-everything else is the same as BMR
1) Co is only essential for which species?
2) What is the function of Co?* - ✔✔ 1) ruminants, foregut fermenters
(cows, sheep, deer, goat, oxen)
2) required for the synthesis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which is made by
bacteria in the gut
-not required by newborn ruminants; the rumen must develop (microbial
population must establish itself)
1) Describe a complex large intestine
2) What are the absorbable units from carbs, proteins, and lipids?
3) What is absorbed in the SI (jejunum), SI (ileum), and LI (colon)?
4) What is absorbed in the omasum?
5) What is absorbed in the rumen?
6) What is absorbed in the LI cecum?* - ✔✔ 1) -voluminous
-large, haustrated cecum
-lengthy, haustrated colon
2) -proteins: amino acids, peptides (small)
-carbs: monosaccarides (glucose most important)
-lipids: fatty acids and glycerol, monoglyceride (glycerol and 1 FA), VFAs
,3) -SI (jejunum): peptides, amino acids, glycerols, fatty acids, sugars,
vitamins, minerals
-SI (ileum): B12, Bile acids, and any other nutrients not absorbed above
-LI (colon): water, electrolytes (Na, K, Cl), vit K, biotin (b7), VFAs
4) water, minerals
5) VFAs
6) VFAs
1) Describe alpha-tocopherol
2) What are the functions of vitamin E?
3) What can free radicals do?* - ✔✔ 1) most biologically active form of
vitamin E
-sourced from plant oils
2) -lipid soluble antioxidant
-inhibits/prevents oxidative damage to PUFAs
-scavenges free radicals (unstable, highly reactive)
3) -damage/mutate DNA
-denature/degrade proteins
1) Describe carnivores
2) Describe obligate carnivores
3) Describe facultative carnivores* - ✔✔ 1) includes insectivores, piscivores
-feed principally on vertebrate/invertebrate animal material (often whole
carcasses)
2) eg felids, mink, dolphins
-cannot obtain all nutrients required from plants, require animal matter to
meet requirements
, 3) e.g. dogs
-true carnivores, but do not rely solely on animal matter to meet all
nutritional requirements
1) Describe cecotrophy
2) What are the two types of feces produced by these species?* - ✔✔ 1) -
selective ingestion of highly nutritious feces derived from the contents of the
cecum
-two types of feces will be produced by these species
-cecotrophs contain high levels of: vitamin b and k, VFAs, water, microbial
protein, Na, K
-eg: ringtail possum, naked mole rat, chinchillas, rabbits
2) -soft pellet in a mucus envelope (ingested)
-hard dry pellet (discarded)
1) Describe glucose
2) Is glucose an essential nutrient?* - ✔✔ 1) -a very important
monosaccharide
-immediate energy source (brain, red blood cells, kidneys)
-short term energy storage (glycogen, in liver)
-lactose (glucose and galactose) production in the mammary gland
2) No- not required in the diet
1) Describe keratin
2) Examples of keratin-containing animal parts?* - ✔✔ 1) contains
comparatively high amounts of cysteine (sulfur-containing amino acid)
2) -baleen plates of filter-feeding whales
-testudines' shells (tortoise, turtle)
1) Are energy requirements of animals with widely differing weights directly
related to body weight?
2) Smaller animals have a higher or lower energy requirement for basal
metabolism per unit body weight than larger animals?* - ✔✔ 1) No (a 100kg
animal does not need 2x the energy of a 50kg animal)
2) higher
1) Atwater factors are recommended for use if?
2) Factors can influence what?* - ✔✔ 1) no other data are available, but
these are just predictors
2) how accurate this equation will be for predicting ME content for a
particular animal's food item:
-species specific nutrient digestibility (e.g. fat digestibility for felids is lower
than for canids)
-carbohydrate content/availability (e.g. presence of non-starch
polysaccharides)
1) Besides mammals and birds, what other animals can be homeotherms?
2) Describe homeothermic ectotherms* - ✔✔ 1) some tropical reptiles/fish
-therefore homeotherms are not necessarily endothermic
2) -some can maintain a near-constant body temp using behavioural
mechanisms only, no matter the environmental temp (some reptiles)
-some remain in temperature-constant environments, so maintain a constant
internal temp (fish in tropical waters, or very deep waters)
1) BMR is the energy required by an endothermic animal that is:?
2) What is standard metabolic rate?* - ✔✔ 1) -at rest (but awake)
,-in a post-absorptive state (ideally after a 12 hour fast; not
eating/digesting/metabolizing/absorbing food)
-in a thermoneutral environment
-without physical or psychological stress
2) for ectotherms
-in a thermoneutral environment at a specified ambient environmental
temperature
-everything else is the same as BMR
1) Co is only essential for which species?
2) What is the function of Co?* - ✔✔ 1) ruminants, foregut fermenters
(cows, sheep, deer, goat, oxen)
2) required for the synthesis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which is made by
bacteria in the gut
-not required by newborn ruminants; the rumen must develop (microbial
population must establish itself)
1) Describe a complex large intestine
2) What are the absorbable units from carbs, proteins, and lipids?
3) What is absorbed in the SI (jejunum), SI (ileum), and LI (colon)?
4) What is absorbed in the omasum?
5) What is absorbed in the rumen?
6) What is absorbed in the LI cecum?* - ✔✔ 1) -voluminous
-large, haustrated cecum
-lengthy, haustrated colon
2) -proteins: amino acids, peptides (small)
-carbs: monosaccarides (glucose most important)
-lipids: fatty acids and glycerol, monoglyceride (glycerol and 1 FA), VFAs
,3) -SI (jejunum): peptides, amino acids, glycerols, fatty acids, sugars,
vitamins, minerals
-SI (ileum): B12, Bile acids, and any other nutrients not absorbed above
-LI (colon): water, electrolytes (Na, K, Cl), vit K, biotin (b7), VFAs
4) water, minerals
5) VFAs
6) VFAs
1) Describe alpha-tocopherol
2) What are the functions of vitamin E?
3) What can free radicals do?* - ✔✔ 1) most biologically active form of
vitamin E
-sourced from plant oils
2) -lipid soluble antioxidant
-inhibits/prevents oxidative damage to PUFAs
-scavenges free radicals (unstable, highly reactive)
3) -damage/mutate DNA
-denature/degrade proteins
1) Describe carnivores
2) Describe obligate carnivores
3) Describe facultative carnivores* - ✔✔ 1) includes insectivores, piscivores
-feed principally on vertebrate/invertebrate animal material (often whole
carcasses)
2) eg felids, mink, dolphins
-cannot obtain all nutrients required from plants, require animal matter to
meet requirements
, 3) e.g. dogs
-true carnivores, but do not rely solely on animal matter to meet all
nutritional requirements
1) Describe cecotrophy
2) What are the two types of feces produced by these species?* - ✔✔ 1) -
selective ingestion of highly nutritious feces derived from the contents of the
cecum
-two types of feces will be produced by these species
-cecotrophs contain high levels of: vitamin b and k, VFAs, water, microbial
protein, Na, K
-eg: ringtail possum, naked mole rat, chinchillas, rabbits
2) -soft pellet in a mucus envelope (ingested)
-hard dry pellet (discarded)
1) Describe glucose
2) Is glucose an essential nutrient?* - ✔✔ 1) -a very important
monosaccharide
-immediate energy source (brain, red blood cells, kidneys)
-short term energy storage (glycogen, in liver)
-lactose (glucose and galactose) production in the mammary gland
2) No- not required in the diet
1) Describe keratin
2) Examples of keratin-containing animal parts?* - ✔✔ 1) contains
comparatively high amounts of cysteine (sulfur-containing amino acid)
2) -baleen plates of filter-feeding whales
-testudines' shells (tortoise, turtle)
